Plant Type Indices Of Weak-gluten Wheat With Good Quality And High Yield And Their Regulation

The effects of sowing date, plant density, nitrogen application amount and basal: top dressing N ratio on plant type indices and physiological characteristics of high yielding plant type with good quality in weak gluten wheat were studied on the field of Lixiahe Regional Agriculture Research Institute of Jiangsu from 2002-2003, and the experimental field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University from 2003-2004. Weak gluten wheat Yangmai 13 and Yangmai 15 were used as test materials. The main results were as follows. 1. Plant type indices of weak gluten wheat with good grain quality and high yieldLeaf type indices of two cultivars. The ideal order for leaf blade length was penultimate leaf>3rd leaf from top > flag leaf, for leaf width was flag leaf > penultimate leaf> 3rd leaf from top, for the ratio of length to width was 3rd leaf from top> penultimate leaf>flag leaf.1.1 Plant type indices of Yangmai 13 with good quality and a grain yield of higher than 7000kg/haLeaf type. The appropriate length of a flag leaf was shorter than 21.0cm, with width< 1.96cm, and area<31cm2. The suitable length of a penultimate leaf was shorter than 29.0cm, with width< 1.71cm, and area<38cm2. The ideal length of 3rd leaf from top was<26.9cm, with width< 1.49cm, and area<31 cm2.Stem type. The ideal plant height was about 95cm. The right length of a spike was about 13.0cm. The 1st basal internode should be shorter than 4.0 cm, and the length of peduncle was about 30cm. The suitable ratio of basal internode to upper 5 internodes in length should be l:(1.5-2.0):(2.0-2.5):(3.5-4.0):5.0:(7.5-8.0). The perfect plant height component index I1 was 0.613. The ideal ratio of the length of peduncle plus ear to plant height was 46%. The suitable ratio of peduncle length to stem length was about 36%.Tiller type. The suitable number of ears was about 5.5×106/ha with earing percentage of main stems and tillers >40%, and the ideal number of ears per plant was about 2.3.Spike type. The appropriate single ear weight was about 1.35g, with about 43 grains per ear.1.2 Plant type indices of Yangmai 15 with good grain quality and a grain yield of higher than 7500kg/haLeaf type. The suitable length of a flag leaf was shorter than 21.0cm, with width <2.2cm, and area<33cm2. The ideal length of a penultimate leaf was shorter than 29.0cm, with width< 1.81cm, and area<39cm2. And the length of 3rd leaf from top should be shorter than 27cm, with width< 1.56cm, and area<32cm2. The perfect ratio of length to width of flag leaves was greater than 10, the ratio of length to width of penultimate leaves should be greater than 15.97, and the ideal ratio of length to width of 3rd leaf from top was greater than17.44.Stem type. The ideal plant height was about 93cm. The right length of a spike was about 13.0-14.0cm. The 1st basal internode should be 3.0 cm, and the length of peduncle was about 30 cm. The suitable ratio of basal internode to upper 5 internodes in length should be l:(1.5-2.0):(3.0-3.5):(4.0-4.5):(6.0-6.5):(9.5-10.0). The perfect plant height component index I1 was 0.611. The ideal ratio of the length of peduncle plus ear to plant height was 46%. The suitable ratio of peduncle length to stem length was about 37%.Tiller type. The suitable number of ears was about 6×106/ha, with earing percentage of main stems and tillers > 40%, and the ideal number of ears per plant was about 2.5.Spike type. The ideal single ear weight was about 1.32g, with about 41 grains per ear. 2. Effects of cultivation techniques on plant type, grain yield and quality2.1 Sowing dateWith the delay of sowing date in weak gluten wheat Yangmai 15, the contents of protein and gluten, the length, the width and the area of three leaves from top all would first decrease then increase. Plant height, the 1st basal internode, the 2nd basal internode and stem length all showed a trend of decreasing, while grain yield, the number of ears per hectare, the earing percentage of main stems and tillers all would first increase then decrease. The results suggested t...