Study On The Composition Of Organic Substrate And Fertilizer In Soilless Culture Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)

The experiment was conducted to investigate the composition of four kinds of organic substrate (B1,B2,B3,B4)with mushroom residue,sawdust,peat.The composition of two kinds of organic fertilizer (A1, A2) with chicken muck,oil residue and marsh gas fertilizer on tomato cv.'Zhongza No9'. The mixed substrate (B5: slay:peat=3:2) and soil (B6) culture were took as the substrate control (CK1) of ecolcgical sound organic soilless culture and as the substrate culture control(CK2) , respectively. The effects of different kinds of substrate and fertilizer composition on tamato growth development, physiological characteristics, yield and fruit quality, amount of nutrient supply in substrate per m3 and absorption per plant were analysed. The results were showed as follows:(1)The physical and chemical characterisitics of substrates and fertilizer were tested. The results indicated that all the substrates were suitable to tomato cultivation, and could supply better circumstance than soil. Organic fertilizer could improve physical and chemical properitiy of substrates, and improve the capacity of water and fertilizer holding, and the airing capability.(2)The substrate and substrate×fertilizer interaction influenced growth and development, physiological characteristics, yield and quality of tomato significantly, but the effects of fertilizer were not significant. The plant height were higher before fruit set in treament A2B3, A1B3, A1B5, and after furit set in treatment A1B3,A1B1,A1B5. The stem diamater of treatment A1B3,A2B3, A1B1 were larger all over the growing period. The yield and single fruit weight of treatment A1B3 and A2B3 were higher. For the quality of A1B1, A1B3, A1B5 were better than the orther treatments. The nitrate content in fruit of the treatment A1B1, A1B3, A1B5 were a little higher, but they were in the permissible limits. In a word, the best compositions of substrate and fertilizer were A1B3, A2B3, A1B1 in this experiment.(3)The amounts of nutrients in substrate before and after cultivation were analysed. The results showed the amount of released nutrient from substrate and fertilizer was related to the type of substrate and fertilizer. The released amount was not linely to the whole amount of the nutrient in substrate and fertilizer. The nutrient released amount in treatment A1B3 and A2B3 were the most. The relativity of nutrients absorption to released was positive. The amount of N, P2O5 and K2O absorption per tomato plant was 5.15g~6.36g , 1.34g~2.17g and 6.13g~8.56g, respectively.(4) The benefit of A1B3 showed highest, and it made 6513 yuan profit per 667 m3. The next were A2B3 and A1B1. The benefit of A1B6 and A2B6 are higher, because the cost of substrate is zero.The result of this experiment will supply a theoritic basis and reference to the selection of substrate and organic soilless culture of tomato.