| Almond is a worldwide dried fruit that own higher economic benefits. Some almond cultivars had been introduced from America to Lanzhou in 1997, but there was a bad phenomenon that the set fruit percentage was very low, and could not meet the requirement of normal production. 11 cultivars, especially for Nonpareil, Butte, Monterey and Ne plus have been studied on blossom, properties of blooming and bearing, hardiness of flowers, economical characters of fruits and reasons for low set fruit percentage, and some initial discussions have been put forward for production of almond in Lanzhou. The results showed:1. 4 cultivars bloomed in early April and later April in Lanzhou. There are not only bigger flowers and more anthers, but also early and long blossom in warm year. 2. The germination rate of pollens of 11 almond cultivars in orchard are 15.00%~81.88%. Quantity of pollens per anther are 1600~11600, the growth rate of pollen tube are 32.5μm/h~225.0μm/h. Pollens are yellow, globe or triangle when observed it by optical microscope, but observed it by scanning electron microscope there are many kinds of pollen in the same cultivars, and pollen has 3 germinal apertures. Different cultivars have different exterior sculpture on pollens. The germination rate of pollens would be increased with the prolongation of cultural time, and reduced with the decrease of temperature. Pollen became invalid after be treated at -3℃. Ne plus has the longest blossom, the most pollens and the highest germination rate after be treated at 22℃, 8℃, 3℃, so it could be looked as a pollinizer.3. Fertile flowers (including those which pistils are higher than anthers, or equal to anthers) are more in anytime of blossom, and the differences among 4 cultivars are not significant. Infertile flowers would become more and more with the moving of blossom. The order of the length of 4 cultivars's pistil is Monterey＞Nonpareil＞Butte＞Ne plus, and Butte have the biggest stigma and the smallest width of ovary. The stigma's transpiration of Butte and Ne plus are higher than others, but Nonpareil and Butte have higher transpiration of pistils than others. Monterey's transpiration of pistils and stigmas are lowest. Nonpareil has the highest soluble sugar content in buds and flowers, and the content of soluble sugar in flowers is higher than in buds.4. The relative electric conductivity and the MDA content in petals, flowers of 4 cultivars and in pistils of Nonpareil and Ne plus would increase with the decrease of temperature. Nonpareil has better hardiness in petals, flowers and pistils. 5. There is higher stigma receptivity in 1-2 day after flowering of 4 cultivars. They are cross- pollination cultivars, the set fruit percentage by cross-pollination and mixed pollens pollination are higher than by self-pollination and open pollination. The morphology of stigma and quantity of pollens on it would change in 24 hours after pollination. Cells of stigma of Nonpareil and Monterey would keep plump for long time, and the quantity of pollens on stigma of those two cultivars are more than others. 6. It is the "S" curve that the length and width of almond fruits increased, and there are 3 periods: slow growth, diameter of fruits (including length and width) increasing sharply, diameter reducing. Days of 3 periods are different in different cultivars. Ne plus has the highest increment of diameter of fruit per day during May 17th to 26th. Almond fruits are green and olivary. Surface is sunk and fuzzy. Fruit would split along with the suture. The weight of one fruit is 7.98g-12.47g. Monterey has the biggest length, thickness and pulp. The seed of almond are long- olivary. Shell is brown, thin and close, and has uneven perforations on it. The nutlet of almond is long- olivary. Seed capsule are white or light brown, and there are vertical brown stripes on it. The weight of one nutlet is 0.89g-1.28g, and Monterey has the biggest weight and length of nutlet.There were problems of sear shoots in early spring and low set fruit percentage when 4... |
PDF Full Text Request