| Barley (H.vulgare L.)is one of the most ancient crops in the world, which is the forth most important crop lying behind wheat, maize and rice. Barley is mostly used in feed, grain, and industrial material for beer, medicine as well as health protection grocery. The nutrient and edible value have gained increasingly recognition in recent years, and furthermore, the germ plasm resource of cultivate and wild barley have showed tremendous potential in grocery, breeding engineering and some relative exploitations, accompanied with the swift development of beer industry. Identical with other crops, employing some uniform seed-parents largely in breeding leads heavily leak of cultivate barley gene, resulting in the stricture of inherit basis and lowness in genetic variance ratio, which greatly restricts further improvement of its quantity and quality. In hybridization, selection of seed-parent with greater inheritance difference is one of the principles, which have put over in other crops. Its applications were limited for the low polymorphism in the gene group of barley using the labeling technique of morphology, cytology, isoenzyme and RFLP. Employing the technique of RAPDs and SSRs, affiliation among 38 beer barley in China were studied in this paper. Detection and analysis on inheritance difference of diverse varieties of beer barley in China were proceeded in the molecular level and comparison in validity of the evaluation of inheritance multiplicity of colony with two techniques were advanced. Our results are expected to offer valuable reference which are as follows: 1. RAPDs: In the 33 primer we chosen, 28 random primer had polymorphism and totally 156 loci were generated. Thereinto, 93 loci had polymorphism which occupies 59.6%. Each primer could augment 1-8 loci with 3.3 loci in the average. The polymorphism information content among the 28 primer were analyzed, S31 got the highest PIC 0.87, S1036 got the lowest 0.34, with the average 0.657 among the 28 primer. Results of total genome horizontal cluster on 38 varities of beer barley indicated that the GD cluster range is rather narrow, which located between 0.00952 and 0.37864, and these breeds gather into 2 classes with 5 subclass at the position of GD 0.27. These results basically reflected the affiliation among the breeds, and illuminated that RAPDs can be used in the study of inheritance multiplicity of barley. 2. SSRs: Choosing 2 pairs separately in the long as well as short arms on the 7 pairs of chromosome in barley, in all, we got 28 pairs of SSR primer. 26 pairs of SSR primer were detected to have polymorphism and 187 loci were measured totally. Thereinto, 172 loci have polymorphism which occupies 91.9%. Each priver can augment 1-22 loci with 6.6 loci in the average. The polymorphism information content among the 26 pairs were analyzed, Bmag0206 and EBmag0794 got the highest PIC 0.995, EBmacc0009 got the lowest 0.375, with the average 0.713 among the 26 pairs. Cluster results of 38 barley varities indicated that SSRs is fitting for the study of inheritance multiplicity. 3. Comparison between SSRs and RAPDs: Loci polymorphism ratios of SSR and RAPD are 91.9% and 59.6% separately. Each primer can generate 6.6 and 3.3 loci for SSR and RAPD. From the value of PIC, the highest for SSR and RAPD are 0.713 and 0.657. Compared with RAPD, SSR can more effectively evaluate the inheritance multiplicity of colony. According to the cluster analysis derived from our experimental results by the two techniques, SSRs better reflected the affiliation among the 38 breeds of beer barley. Our results of 38 beer barley in China from RAPD and SSR study demonstrate that most varities have extremely high inheritance similarity and narrow inheritance background extended in our country, especially two-row beer barley. Employing different eminent varities as seed-parent with specificity, attaching importance to the exploitation and utilize of valuable wild resources, adapt appropriately, employ cell engineering, molecular label aid choosing and early atom quick identification...
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