Chromosome Studies Of Sika Deer

Sika deer(cervus nippon),subordinated toartiodactyla,cervidae,muntiacus , is a kind of ruminated mammal. They,once devided into 6 subspecieses originally,now have only Northeast subspecies and Sichuan subspecies. Domestic species is Northeast subspecies completely,with 66 chromosomes. Because of belonging to famous and precious mountain treasure and traditional medicine-using beasts, sika deer has much economic value. Experienced a long period huge killing pressure and serious damages of perch for human activities,the existing population is below 1000,close to extinct edge. To save this species, the government have listed it as the national first-grade attentive protected species in 1978,and IUCN red directory listed it as endangered animals.On the cell (chromosome) level, organism character is controlled by the hereditary material they contained. Chromosome,as the major carrier for hereditary material,will influence it's heredity, variation, evolution when their structure or quantity changes. And, such changes can lead to the variation of organisim karyotype. Therefore,by analyzing and researching for the chromosomes,we are able to know the origination, evolution, the law of heredity and variation of the organisim,to judge the relationships between organisims. The number of researches for chromosome of sika deer is not many in China. Most of them concentrate mainly on biochemistry, physiology etc. For exploiting and ultilizing sika deer better,developing the economic benefits of sika deer, we have carried out preliminary research for the chromosomes of sika deer.Our sika deers come from the farm of Songji Senior Professional Middle School in Yongchuan, Chongqing. We primarily studied the chromosome of sika deer and showed the G-band,with cultivated lymphocytes prepared by air-drying and the pancreatin-Giemsastain technique. Through comparing the the karyotype between sika deer andother deers,we discussed the similarities and differences of them.and suitable classification method of sika deer karyotype .Also,we discussed the correlation between karyotype and productivity by studying these parameters. We also drew the G-banding pattern picture,referencing ISCNDA(1989) (International System of Cytogenetic Nomenclature of Domestic Animal. 1989) Such work offer valuable reference for the sika deer chromosome deformity and gene location. The hyploid showed 248 bands,including X and Y chromosome. The X chromosome is the smallest one,Y is the biggest one. According to that the number of chromosome is different in metaphase,we put forward to the mechanism of sika deer chromosome number changing.This paper introduces the development of animal chromosome research,from the initial karyotype to the chromosome banding techonique,then to the modern research of chromosome,that is fluorescence in situ hybridization technique and gene location by labelling microsatellite sequence. At last,we make prospect for the chromosome research.