| To the problems of the reducing of zonal evergreen broad-leaved of southern and natural forest's area, widely conifer problem of plantation, young to take age, serious of water and soil erosion, dropping of forest quality and degenerating of ecological function etc...with Pinus massoniana, Mixed forest and Acacia forest for the main object, based on analysis of soil physical, chemical and biological properties, the soil erosion characteristic of coniferous forest and the water-conservation function of different forest have been researched on the base of the methods of typical region investigation, experiment study in site in the fixed standard area in Guanqiao Bridge, Anxi County of Fujian province. The result showed that the soil clay, water-stable aggregate, water content, anti-shearing intensity, porosity and organic, total nitrogen, phosphorous have been reduced with the conifer problem, the earth's surface bared, the soil sand turned. Compare to Acacia forest and Mixed forest, the total nutrient of Pinus massoniana have been reduced separately 62.31% and 88.61%. The biological activation of soil reduced notably with the coniferous forest land was interfered by human and the influence of biological characteristic of the varieties of trees. Compare to Acacia forest and Mixed forest, the total amount of bacterium, fungi and actinomyces which were three major microorganisms in whole microorganism have reduced separately 91.78% and 86.71% in the surface soil of Pinus massoniana. At the same time, based on analysis of the water holding capacity, runoff and sediment of different forest, the conservation capacity of water and soil of different forest have been analyzed and discussed. Impact of control burning and removal on forest land on the characteristic of soil erosion has been discussed. According to the: research result, the effective way and countermeasures of egetation rebuild and ecological restoration have been put forward on coniferous land.
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