Effects Of Nitrogen Application On Grain Yield, Quality And Nutrient Utilization In Winter Wheat With Strong Gluten

In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen application on grain yield, quality and nitrogen absorption in winter wheat with strong gluten, two field experiments were conducted. One of the experiments, with a winter wheat cultivars, namely Gao 8901 with strong gluten, was studied on grain yield, quality, nutrition absorption and NO3-N accumulation in soil under different dose of nitrogen application under high soil fertility condition, in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province, during 2004-2005. The other one was studied on grain yield, quality and nitrogen absorption, under different nitrogen ratio of base and topdressing and the type of base nitrogen under moderate soil fertility condition. This one was conducted with another winter wheat cultivar Baiyingdong 2 in Xinji County, Hebei Province, during 2003-2004. The main results were summarized as follows:1. Applied with certain range of nitrogen fertilizer, with the increasing of supplied nitrogen amount, the level of yield components increased and grain yield increased in high soil fertilizer condition. But compared with CK, the grain yield was not increased significantly when applied with nitrogenous fertilizer. The range of nitrogen fertilizer amount for higher grain yield for Gao 8901 was 0~150 kg/hm~2. Under moderate soil fertility condition, with the same total nitrogen amount, increasing basal fertilizer percentage or use inorganic nitrogen as basal fertilizer could increase grain yield.2. Under high soil fertility condition, with the increasing of supplied nitrogen amount, the grain protein content and protein yield of wheat were all increased firstly, and decreased then after. The ranges of nitrogen fertilizer amount for higher grain protein content and higher protein yield for Gao 8901 were 0~240 kg/hm~2 and 0-150 kg/hm~2. Under moderate soil fertility condition, with the same total nitrogen amount, using inorganic nitrogen as basal fertilizer could increase grain protein content and protein yield, increasing basal fertilizer percentage could increase grain protein yield. But the different ratio of basal and topdressing had little effect on grain protein content.3. Under high soil fertility condition, With the increasing of supplied nitrogen amount, grain test weight, sedimentation volume, wet gluten content, dough development time and dough stability time of wheat were all increased firstly, then decreased. Grain test weight reached the highest when the amount of nitrogen was 150 kg/hm~2, with CK to be the next. The highest sedimentation volume, wet gluten content, dough development time and dough stability time were all achieved when the amount of nitrogen was 240 kg/hm~2. With the increasing of supplied nitrogen amount, the water absorption increased. But no one quality parameter changed significantly when increased the nitrogen application from 150 kg/hm~2to 240 kg/hm2. In brief, the range of nitrogen fertilizer amount for higher grain quality for Gao 8901 was blow 150 kg/hm2. Under moderate soil fertility condition, with the same total nitrogen amount, the different nitrogen ratio of base and topdressing and the type of base nitrogen could not affect the grain quality.4. The absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in wheat plants increased at different growth stages, under high soil fertility condition, when applied with reasonable range of nitrogen fertilizer. With the increasing of supplied nitrogen amount, nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation amount, nitrogen accumulation rate and the amount of nitrogen transportation after anthesis from vegetative organs to grain were all increased firstly, and decreased then after. Compared with CK, the nitrogen distributive proportion to vegetative organs increased and nitrogen transportation efficiency to grain decreased when applied with nitrogen fertilizer. And the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was very low when applied with nitrogen fertilizer. The range of nitrogen fertilizer amount for higher economic efficiency for Gao 8901 was 0-150 kg/hm2. From the economic viewpoint, Gao 8901 got the highest economic efficiency when the amount of nitrogen application was blow 150 kg/hm2. Under moderate soil fertility condition, increasing basal fertilizer percentage or using inorganic nitrogen as basal fertilizer could improve nitrogen absorption, nitrogen accumulation and transportation at later growth period, and Baiyingdong 2 got the highest nitrogen use efficiency at the same time.5. Under high soil fertility condition, in the scope of nitrogen application of N 0-180 kg/hm2, the accumulation of soil NO3-N increased slightly. When nitrogen fertilizer amount was higher than 180 kg/hm2, the soil NO3-N accumulation increased dramaticcally. The suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer application of the winter wheat Gao 8901 should be 0-180 kg/hm2.6. It can be concluded that, according to the results above, under high soil fertility condition, Gao 8901 can get higher grain yield, higher quality, higher nitrogen use efficiency and higher economic efficiency when nitrogen fertilizer amount is blow 150 kg/hm2, meanwhile soil NO3-N accumulation increased slightly, resulting in high yield, good quality, high efficiency. Under moderate soil fertility condition, with the same total nitrogen amount, using inorganic nitrogen as basal fertilizer and increasing the basal nitrogen percentage is the optimal treatment taking account of yield, quality and benefit.