Studies On Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium And Microelement Fertilizer Efficiency Of Summer Maize In Dry And Impoverished Region

The experiment was to study the relationship of the photosynthesis characteristic, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain filling, the absorption, distribution and transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, manganese, boric along with final volatile yield of maize Variety Zheng Dan-958. This trial was to base on the achievements obtained further open out the responses regularity of the mineral elements combinational application of the summer maize, in order to offer theory basis of fertilizer application and increase yield in dry and impoverished region. The main results summarized as follows:1 .The trend of change curve of the influence of the combinational application of mineral elements to the leaf area index(LAI), the photosynthetic rate and the leaf area duration(LAD) was as single kurtosis as the rising of the yield level for the genotypes. The largest values of the LAI and the photosynthetic rate appeared in spinning stage, but the largest values of the LAD appeared in grain-filling stage. NKZn, NKMn, NKB and NPK could enhance the photosynthetic area, remain the time of the most photosynthetic area, and delay senescence of leaves. From the point of view of the crop matter production accelerated the amount of the hoard organ, it's favorable to make harmonization and unification among of Source/sink Strength and Flux Distribution, and enhance the yield.2.The studies showed there were some differences between the different mineral elements applications, but there were sameness orientations of dry matter accumulation. The linearity recursive equation Y=B₀+B₁X+B₂X²+B₃X³ was used in the change trend of the dry matter accumulation of leaves and stem-sheath and the other organs of aerial parts, and the Logistic recursive equation was used in the increase process of the total biomass and the seed yield. Combinational application of mineral elements affected the amount of the mineral nutrition application and distribution and transfer rate, then result in the change of the absolute amount of the dry matter accumulation and the yield.3.The effect of the mineral elements on the max increase rate of the dry matter accumulation NKZn, NKMn, NKB and NPK could make the max increase rate of the dry matter accumulation reduce more slowly, and CKl will be quickly senescence. The amount of the total dry matter accumulation of aerial parts after spinning stage, NKZn was the most superior, and NKMn, NKB and NPK just less than NKZn, CK1, CK2 and N were the least of all. NKZn, NKMn, NKB and NPK could keep better grain-filling rate on the later grain-filling stage, but CK1 , CK2 and N had the more quickly reduce rate.4.NKZn, NKMn, NKB and NPK could effective improve the total biomass, enhance the ability of the dry matter transfer of the leaves and the stems, maintain the rate of higherincrease rate of kernel weight, increase the kernel weight and yield on the later growth period.5.The leaf> stem-sheath was the same orderliness of the effect of the combinational application of mineral elements on transfer rate of the dry matter of the organ. The transfer of leaves NKZ^ NKMn> NKB has the least of all;the transfer of the stems are same as leaves, CK1 > CK2 and N have the most, NKZn> NKMn and NKB have the least.6.The experimental results showed the significant difference was found that the effects of the ear length and the ear diameter, NKZn and NKB have the most ear length and ear diameter;CK1 has the least ear length and ear diameter, the sterile length and the rate of sterile length were the most. NKZn and NKMn have he least of the sterile length;NKZn> NKB and NKMn have the least rate of sterile. NKZn has the most kernel density and it was significant difference to the CK1 % CK2 > NP and N.7.The experimental results showed, NKZn and NPK could increase the fertilization use efficiency of nitrogen and potassium, and could increase the use efficiency of phosphorus in the later growth period. The combinational application of mineral elements has interactions on the plant absorb the mineral elements. NKZn and NPK fertilizer application were superior to NK;NK fertilizer application was superior to N. The absorption of potassium was concentrated before grain-filling stage, and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus has difference among the combinational application of mineral elements, N >NK fertilizer application and CK1 had centralized absorption of nitrogen and potassium before grain-filling stage, and had a little absorption after grain-filling stage, however NKZn and NPK also had large absorption of nitrogen and potassium after grain-filling stage.8.Among different mineral treatments, the progression absorption ?. absorption intensity and phase absorption of mineral elements in NKZn and NPK treatments were all the largest in every growth period. Combinational application of mineral elements, especially nitrogen > potassium and microelement fertilizer zinc, had important effect on increasing accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on vegetative organs and leaves;reasonable distribution nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium of vegetative organs transfer rate, properly increases the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of kernels.