Study And Application For Soil Moisture Monitor Using Remote Sensor Technology In The Semiarid Area Of Heilongjiang Province

Soil water resource is one important foundational resource inagriculture. It is the water volume participating in the land moisturecontent exchange frequently, specially which restored in the root beltand been used by the plants. Storage, supply, renewal and balance ofsoil water have the extremely vital significance to all farming,forestry, animal husbandry, the ecological environment and the waterresources balance. Because the drought sometimes occurs inHeilongjiang Province main agriculture region, in particular theSongnen Plain area, when drought happens, its coverage is broad, theduration is long, its influence is serious. Drought happens in varyingdegree, different season, and different scope every year. In orderto grasp the drought situation, such as its space time distribution,we need to establish macroscopic, fast, economical remote sensingmonitor system for drought situation, development research moisturemonitor methods of soil state and the drought forecast , thus providethe science basis for combats drought work in Heilongjiang entireprovinceThe remote sensing technology application for drought situationmonitor and the research of expert system can meet the needs of thedynamic change demand in save water and combats drought, monitor thiskind of changes fast, accurately and objectively. It is the need ofdeepening water-saving agricultural management. In the past, for theconventional research, soil moisture only could be dynamic monitoredon the minority measuring point, the localization position or halflocalization position. As the remote sensing technology provided themethod of obtaining information periodically, rapidly, and broadly,not only could from on macroscopic carry on the comprehensive monitor,moreover could see its change scope and the tendency. It wasadvantageous in promptly takes the measure, obtains the benefit andavoids harming. The arid area agriculture stable development urgentlyneeds the high technology's introduction and support. The modern hightechnology and new technology integrated utilization is the essentialmethod to safeguarding the arid area agriculture sustainabledevelopment.Because Heilongjiang infields mainly distribute in Songnen Plainand three rivers plain, its terrain changes are gentle, and the soilassumes the continuity in wide range, changes gradually the nature,so Heilongjiang province is one of the country in which the applicationof remote sensing technology to monitor its drought situation changeregions is most suitable. The soil thermal characteristic differencemain origin in the water content difference, in Heilongjiang provincesoils spatial thermal inertia characteristic is quite even, so thisarea may be taken as a great unit to carry on moisture monitor andanalysis. Therefore, applying the drought condition remote sensingmonitor, forecast and the information management system to monitorthe Heilongjiang Province drought situation change, has macroscopic,fast, accurate and highly effective economical superiority.This article, in the foundation of the domestic and foreigndrought remote sensing monitor research and the technologicaldevelopment present situation, take the computer network as a platform,take the remote sensing information, the soil state of moistureretention, the meteorological information as the foundation, takecorrelation principle of the thermal inertia to the soil moisture,the vegetation index, the soil moisture abates threeevapotranspirating principles and so on as the basic basis, accordingto the infrared remote sensing image to the soil moisture, thevegetation cover data change rule, with mathematics method , analyzeand study the relations between the remote sensing data, the soil stateof moisture retention, the meteorological data, establish the remotesensing model of moisture retention monitor. It diverts the Xin'anriver hydrology model of three distributional principles which abatesabout the soil moisture to establish the Heilongjiang Province droughtsituation forecast model. In which using in the polar orbitmeteorological satellite remote sensing digital image, themeteorological data and more than 40 states of moisture retentionstand in the province, carry on the rating and the confirming to themodels. Through the moisture retention data acquisition, processingand the analysis, realize the drought situation real-time on-lineanalysis, the short-term drought situation development tendencyforecast, drought-combat technical guidance and drought-combatinformation management. Further more , using the technology of network,database, GIS, establish "the drought situation remote sensingmonitor forecast and the information management system" based on theWebGIS soil state of moisture retention information management.This drought situation monitor system used in the West semiaridregion of Heilongjiang Province is composed of the groundinformation gathering system, the remote sensing data receivingsystem, the computer network system, the remote sensing droughtsituation monitor information management system, its core managementsoftware is "the drought situation remote sensing monitor forecastand the information management system", mainly composed by four partsas the drought situation remote sensing monitor and forecast subsystem,the drought situation information management subsystem, the networkinformation issuing subsystem, the database subsystem. The coresoftware system integrating has established the entire provincespatial database;store and manage the drought situation informationwhich transmitted to the central through the many kinds of ways andwhich withdrew by remote sensing method;, realize spatial analysis,statistics, bidirectional inquiry (space position to attribute,attribute to space position) for drought situation, moistureretention, irrigation canal, water well ,crops distribution and soilbased on the geographic information system management;forecast andinquires moisture retention after 5 to 10 days ,and actual carry onthe website inquiry and issue to the moisture retention with theforecast information under actual state of moisture retention andweather forecast foundation.Application technical flow of the moisture retention monitor andthe drought situation forecast system is in turn: The primary datafiltrating -the precision analysis, compiles, goes into storage fordata of moisture retention monitors stations, pilot study to theremote sensing data , format conversion and eliminate cloud processing;Soil moisture condition analysis to cultivated land of the monitorarea -to carry on the state of moisture retention analysis by improvesafter the thermal inertia vegetation index remote sensing monitormodel primarily, carry on the examination with the correspondingground state of moisture retention data, form the drought situationgraduation chart and the statistical table for monitors the region;The drought situation development forecast analysis -according tothe soil moisture geography information chart, take the dry spellforecast time interval in the zero rainfall, the average factor levelas the forecast condition, forms the arid forecast developed areachange and the data statistics;The moisture retention informationmanagement, data management and maintenance -regularly carry onmaintenance and renewal by the jurisdiction person to the databasecontent(relational database and graph database), safeguards thedatabase system work normally , the data prompt and accurate renewal;Network issue and inquiry -provides moisture retention informationof the stations, on-line inquiry the meteorological information aswell as information of remote sensing monitor and forecast.Decision-making and the instruction of drought-combatingtechnical plan is through carrying on the analysis to the HeilongjiangProvince representation farming soil, taking the soil moisturecharacteristic point as the foundation, refer to soil moisturecondition run-on time and the arid graduation standard of otherprovinces, using the foundation data pool of 26 agriculturemeteorology stand many years actual material in Heilongjiang Province,carrying on the graduation to the soil drought condition, determiningthe moisture retention index (soil moisture stores storage quantity,mm) in different monitor soil layer, formulating the HeilongjiangProvince representative soil different soil layer test depth aridgraduation standard, providing the drought situation graduationstandard for the remote sensing model establishment and combatsdrought the irrigation district, and synthesis different districtcondition as water resources, terrain, soil, meteorological,production level, economical level and so on, accentuating differentcrops and different drought date, according to drought-combating andwater-saving irrigation technology pattern obtained in Gannan projectarea, proposing drought-combating and water-saving irrigationtechnology application instruction, instructing drought-combatingwork carried on scientific style, ordering, highly effective indrought areaThrough near two years actual movements, the systems analysisresults are visual displayed for soil moisture content, rainfall, thedrought situation rank in spatial distribution. It has great usabilityto the Heilongjiang Province regional drought monitor applying manykinds of statistics ways such as image, form and so on and analyzingdrought condition and forecasting 5 ~ 10 day-long arid development,...