Study On Technological Mode Of Water-saving And Drought Resistance In Semiarid Areas Of Western Heilongjiang Province

Drought in spring is greatly threatening to agriculture production in thesongnen plain areas in westen Heilongjiang province. Because of drought perannum, disaster areas are more than 61.4×104 hm2. Disaster areas is more 35%than planting areas in the same style region.The utmost evapotranspirationexceeds rainfall in the same year that have resulted in serious water deficit of soiland have badly influenced existence of seeding and natural growth ofcrop.Because of strong transpiration and sopping up action in spring ,supplyment action of deep soil moisture have weared off. Under the continualdeterioration of soil water condition,ability of resisting plant diseases and insectpests has greatly weaken,and have taked on condition that rainfall is restrictinggrowth. It is obvious that problem of water is very serious.So countermeasure andmeasure are single impossibly,and it is allround and integrative.It will maximumbring into benefit of resisting drought and protecting soil moisture status, and itwill utilize in effect water resources. For aiming at "nine year among ten year isdrought in spring" in the northeast and the semiarid areas in china, as well as thedifferent nature condition in the same region, taking general technology of"storing water, protecting water and supplying water"as the main technologyroute, it will be realized that tht technology can improve water use efficiency,achieve to save water in agriculture, increase production of corp, increasebenefits in agriculture and increasing income of farmer. Integrative mode ofwater-saving agriculture technology have be formed by combination of severalsingle technique,such as vibration-loosening deeply for storing soilmoisture,hidden affusion seeding and complementary irrigation in seedingstage,ect.This integrative technology will maximum exert compositivecharacter,advance -tive character, systemic character,and complementarycharacter in each other,and it will be much more marked to save water andincrease production,improve effect of ecological environment.In the course of the development of water-saving agriculture, all countryvery emphasize the organic combination and integration of engineeringwater-saving,agriculture water-saving,biology water-saving and managewater-saving. Water-saving, as well as increasing production and benefits in theworld is one emphasis of study at present. According to characteristic of natureand economy in the different water-saving agriculture region,it adopts technologymeasures to make the best of rainfall (irrigation) and improve water useefficiency, such as technology of reasonable fertilization, cultivation technologyof water storage and protecting soil moisture status, protecting soil moisturestatus by covering with ground membrane and stalk of plant, using chemicpreparation,etc.At present,a lot of single water-saving technology has achieved tomature comparatively phase of application and extension, and has obtained aseries of effect of actual application.During the development of items, this paper has been paid attention not onlyto tight combination between experiment research and theory calculation analysis,but also to open out inside mechanism, rule and commonness that are reflected byfield experiment. According to the balance theory of water and heat,theory of soilseepage,and theory of parameter request of affusion irrigation technique, thispaper has parsed quantificationally capacity of resisting drought on affusionirrigation technique, mechanism of protecting soil moisture status and resistingdrought. At the vibration-loosening deeply condition, utilizing non-saturated soilwater movement equation,the paper has explained the change rule of siolwater,evaporation intensity and capacity of transport water,what,s more, it hasmaked sure the most storage content and storage capability of soilreservoir,too.Under the premise that it emphasizes water-saving and resistingdrought,and mechanism analyse of protecting soil moisture status and resistingdrought, the paper has resolved material problem by utilizing better model ofmath and physics and method of numerical simulation, and established higher flatof science and technology for research projects.The paper has compartmentalized scientifically semiarid areas andascertained guarantee efficiency to resist drought.It has put forward materialassess index about technology mode, such as capability index and yield index toresist drought after affusion,and using index of vibration-loosening deeplytechnique, etc.Through establishing function model of rainfall and weather genethat influence crop yield under no irrigation,the paper has analysed influencerelation on technology mode affect growth and yield of crop,and the latentadvantage of agriculture development in semiarid areas.Adopted value analytical method, the paper estimated synthetically totechnology model. Through assessing mainly of production and practice,as wellas lesser assessing of checking and accepting,choosed more than 100 farmers ingannan,zhaozhou, anda and qinggang country ect, this pater have found basicdata to join in evaluation through coordinating and analyzing,determined thatthree technologies are all right,so the research fruit may be empolderedcontinually, be dived into produce,be spread and applied in certain areas.Technology of vibration-loosening deeply for water storage and protecting soilmoisture status and technology of hidden mechanization affusion planting, themare analyzed quantificationally by parameter index, such as soil moisture status,seeding ratio,capacity of resisting drought, economizing energy sources andincreasing benefit, and improving physics character of soil, ect. Taking gannancountry as experiment station, corn, soybean and sunflower as research object,water-saving machine as restriction condition, and field work efficiency asoptimization equation of aim function, this paper have received optimizationcollocating result of three machines of water-saving and resisting drought insemiarid areas.Increased production rate and increased yield under the different rainfallfrequency, production efficiency of crop water,fixed number of year aboutrepayment of capital,rate of investment and output about agriculture, ect,thispaper have put up estimatation of economy benefit through taking them aseconomy analysis aim.The results that have achieved standard for resistingdrought under 75% designed rainfall frequency,and have even exceeded 80% andretracted invest at the same years.Owing to adopting advanced sciencetechnology, there are base and technology guarantee of sustainable developmentto agriculture production.Taking technique of field water-saving, as welll astechnique of protecting and storing water as center of resisting drought andprotecting soil water status, and improving water use efficiency of crop, throughoptimization attemper of three techniques on time sequence to improve the wholelevel of water-saving agriculture mechanization task.Integration of three techniques is not only interknit, but also is the all and theone of unattached operation, that ensure steady production and high yield.Viaapplication of hidden affusion irrigation planting technology, work efficiency canbe improved 8 to 10 times, use efficiency of irrigation water can be improvedmore than 30%, moisture of seeding can be satisfied when there are 4m3 waterper a unit of area in the middling arid year, days of resisting drought can beachieved 30 to 40 days, what,s more, saving water, saving time, neat and strongyoung plant, yield can be improved 15% to 20% upwards.Supplyment irrigation of cultivation adopts hidden bar channel affusion onseeding stage and fitting affusion amount,that can reduce void evaporation, anddays of resisting a drought can achieve 15 to 20 days.Vibration-loosing deeplytechnique does not destroy soil place of surface and underside in the cultivationlayer. This technique can break in effect hard plow pan, enhance soil penetrability,soil aeration and water conservation.Loosening deeply soil can store more waterof 80～100 mm than non-loosening deeply soil, up to add two irrigation, andhave obviously effect of increasing yield and improve yield more than 20%.According to character of irrigation region in the west arid areas ofHeilongjiang province, making use of technology of storing water and pretecingsoil moisture status of vibration-loosening deeply, technology of hidden affusionirrigation and complementary irrigation in seeding stage,this paper haveestablished technology system mode about water-saving and resisting drought inthis areas.Via integration of three techniques, it has regulated organically relationamong water storage, water-saving and water utilization. This integrationtechnology can improve water use effeciecy and economize water resources, storewater and protect soil water moisture status, supply irrigation, increase yield andbenefit. Taking key technology breakthrough as lead, under support ofmechanization carrier, the research fruit has integrated the whole course ofmechanization mode on water-saving and resisting drougt that is fit to productioncondition of countryside.This paper has emphasized the organic combination of experiment andextension. Under direction of principle that technology fruit translates intoproductivity, It has carried through scale demonstration and radiation spread,bringed along famers to study science and use technology in the same styleregion around, so as to this technology fruit can show effect in agricultureproduction.Water use efficiency has improved 0.3kg/m3 upwards in the demonstrationregion, and average yield be increased by 20～25%.The research fruit haschanged actuality that agriculture production depends on weather in thedemonstration region, resolved actuality that drought restricts agriculture,promoted hugely actuality that crop is planted in certain areas and intensivismmanagement, drived powerfully mechanization course of agriculture production,impelled economy development of countryside, increased income of famer, Thetechnology mode is not only fit to the semiarid areas in Heilongjiang province,but also is applied to the same style region in northeast china, and applicationforeground will be thoroughly expansive.