Study On Anther Culture In Virto Of Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus)

Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus) is an important fruit crop that is widely cultivated throughout the world. It is one of the top ten fruit crops and favored by consumers for its special flavor and juicy flesh. Therefore, genetically improving watermelon, the important and cosmopolitan fruit, by biotechnology, is very urgent. More and more watermelon researchers begin to improve watermelon germplasm by biotechnology, such as meristem culture, protoplast culture, somatic hybridization, gene transformation and somaclonal variation et al., and application of biotechnology on this area is more and more widely. However, still there are many limits on the studies from anther culture of watermelon now.In this experiment, we used three watermelon cultivars of F₁ generation, which including lots of merits because of the advantages of cross breeding, to try to get haploid plants from anther culture. We have studied the development tracks and a variety of affect factors. We enhanced the anther callus induction and regeneration percentage by controlling many factors. We got the best medium and culture conditions on every development stages of anther callus, including the callus induction, the best pretreatment temperature, which can be used popularly in anther culture of watermelon. The results of this experiment based the microspore culture of watermelon in the future.In this study, we have set about to establish the regeneration system from anther culture of watermelon and controlling many factors which affect callus induction. This paper includes three parts mainly.The first part of this paper is about the callus induction system from anther culture of watermelon .In the blossom period of watermelon, anthers in which microspores were at the single nucleus edging period were collected to be cultured in 15 kind solid medium after the pre-disposal of 72 hours at 4 degree, and callus growing from anthers can be seen in the culture of 20 days. The best media and the proper pretreatment for callus induction have been determined. Among the 15 media used for watermelon anther callus induction, MS+ NAA 1.5 mg/L + BA 2.0 mg/L + KT 1.5 mg/L is the most appropriate media for 'Na Bite 'and' Xi Du ';MS+ KT 1.5 mg/L +BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L is the best for 'Chun Guang 'respectively. The best concentration of sucrose for callus induction is 60g/L;The studying of pre-disposal which affects the callus inducement of watermelon anther and the results indicate that the treating of 4℃,72 hours is the proper condition that make the frequencies of callus induction;The studying of culture conditions and culture means indicate that callus inducement was better when it was cultured at 30℃ for 3 days and thencultured at 25°C.The results showed that the quality of watermelon callus induced in dark is much better than in light.The second part of this paper is about SDS-PAGE electrophoresis , and appraisal of all types of anther callus, we found there were differences in protein expression among the anther callus.The last part of this paper is about RAPD appraisal of all types of anther callus, and we analyzed there were different gene in some types anther callus of watermelon.