Studies On The Anther Culture Technology In Pepper (Capsicum Annuum.L)

Anther culture can shorten breeding periods and raise breeding efficiency by inducing haploids. The plants from anther culture are doubled haploids with homozygous genotype. Theoretically, new recombinants of genes could be obtained through random crossovers of chromosomes in the meiosis of pollen mother cells. Therefore, elite strains with desirable traits might be accessed in breeding programs by anther culture. Based on breeding objectives, they could be developed into new varieties or utilized as parents in hybrid breeding. Using different fruit shape types of capsicum varieties as the materials, the effects on anther culture of genotypes, culture media, carbon sources and concentrations, plant growth regulators and their dosages were studied to further increase anther culture efficiency in capsicum. The results were as follows.1. All of 21 tested varieties of three types of capsicum induced calli and their callus induction percentages were 1.02%～13.60%. 71.43% of the tested varieties induced embryoids with an induction percentage at 0.41%～2.69%. With respect to capsicum types,83.33%,69.23% and 50.00% of varieties induced embryoids in lantern, bell and hot peppers, respectively.2. The order of the mean values of both the induction percentage of calli and that of embryoids in anther culture was MS1> NTH1> B51> MS> NTH> B5. Although MS1 and NTH1 were not significantly different from each other, they were significantly superior to B51. Supplementation to the media NTH, MS or B5 with activated charcoal 3g/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L, KT 1.0 mg/L,6-BA 0.1 mg/L and AgNO3 5 mg/L significantly reduced browning and improved the induction percentage of both calli and embryoids. Although there was not a significant difference between MS and NTH in the induction percentage of calli or embryoids, the induction percentage of MS or NTH was significantly higher than that of B5.3. In the treatments of carbon sources, although maltose were higher than sucrose in mean values of the induction percentage of calli and embryoids, their difference was not statistically significant. Using maltose or sucrose as carbon sources, the suitable concentrations were 3%～6% in inducing calli and embryoids. When the concentration was over 6%, the induction percentage decreased sharply.4. The effect of plant growth regulators had an order of 2,4-D> ZT> NAA> KT > 6-B A on the induction percentage of calli, and an order of 2,4-D> NAA> ZT> KT > 6-BA on the induction percentage of embryoids.2,4-D, ZT, NAA and KT had all a significant or very significant effect on induction of calli and embryoids. The optimal concentration was 1.0 mg/L for 2,4-D and ZT, and 0.5mg/L for KT. ZT had a better effect than both KT and 6-BA on increasing the induction percentage of calli and embryoids.5. Among all combinations of plant growth regulators, MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+ ZT 1.0 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L had the highest induction percentage of calli (32.61%) and embryoids (2..17%).