Study On Part Chemical Compositions In The Fruiting Body Of Morchella Spp.

Morchella spp. were edible officinal valuable fungi which distributed all of the world widely and the resource was abundant for the wild. According to literature, Morchella spp. contained various active substances, of which polysaccharide, amino acids and fats were widely studied both in China and abroad. Other chemical compositions, including enzyme, pyrone- antibiotic, mineral element, pigment, -itol, sterol and saponin were also studied. The exploitation was mainly studied on the edible aspect, especially using liquid culture of Morchella spp. mycelium. It has been proved that Morchella spp. have many kinds of pharmacological effects through specialized pharmacological experiments. The pharmacological effects included antimicrobial activity, anti-oxydation and cosmetology function, especially to adjust immunity system. They were also used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat indigestion, excessive phlegm, shortness of breath and other respiratory tract diseases.Many methods researching plant compositions were employed to extract and purify small molecular substances from the fruiting bodies of Morchella spp. in this thesis. Solarize the fruiting bodies of Morchella spp. and communite them into the powder. The powder was soaked with 95% ethanol in stainless steel container at room temperature for 48 hours, five times. After filtrated, the superant was collected and combined, and distilled at 40°C at a reduced pressure to obtain ethanol concentrated extract liquid (ECEL). Two layer was been seen clearly in the ECEL at room temperature. Dilute the upper layer of ECEL with distilled water, and extract it with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in turn, concentrate the four parts, then obtain the four part extracts of the solvent above mentioned. The result of preliminary test displayed that organic acid, terpenoid and sterol were contained in the above each four part. Systematic solvent separation, two phases solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, crystallization and re-crystallization methods were applied to separate and purify the chemical compositions mainly in ethyl acetate layer gradually by different isolation process. Three crystals were obtained-crystal AB, E and F, and two crystal compounds-G and H. By using HPLC in the suitable condition and further isolation and purification, the...