| BackgroundsSince the first silicosis case was reported in China in the1950s, the number of pneumoconiosis cases had been increasing rapidly in China each year. Until2010the cumulative reported pneumoconiosis cases had reached676,541,149,110cases of death, the fatality rate was22.04%. At present, China is the most countries on pneumoconiosis in the world. In the past15years, the new cases of pneumoconiosis were nearly10000average annual.Pneumoconiosis hazard is huge not only to patients with severe mental stress but also economic burden. According to the investigation about social and economic impact of the pneumoconiosis by ZHAO Geng, the study results show that the economic loss of pneumoconiosis is184.5billion every year in our nation, accounting for0.55%GDP in2009, and the direct economic loss is25billion, and the indirect economic loss is159.5billion. Pneumoconiosis is not a simply disease, but it has been highlighted as a social issue. More than700enterprises are in the district involved occupational hazards. The hazards are serious by dust, and the number of pneumoconiosis is tremendous in this district. Between1987and2011,219cases of new silicosis patients were reported in this region. Pneumoconiosis is not cured.ObjectivesThe goal of the study is to understand current situation of occupation health management in containing dust hazards enterprise, and to analyze the impact of dust detection results, through on-site investigation, site monitoring, and informed person interviews. On this basis, we propose improvement measures and recommendations according to the problems.MethodsThe data of this study comes from the on-site investigation, documentation and on-site detection data, and the district of Hangzhou is the scene of investigation. On the basis of investigation, using random sampling method, we extract the101containing dust hazards enterprises to survey. Survey data is entered into the database by Epidata3.0, analyzed by SPSS17.0and Microsoft Excel2003. Database processing and analysis of data on-site recording of qualitative interviews are grouped together in extracting information.The main analytical methods are descriptive statistics and univariate analysis. Results1. There are409enterprises containing dust hazards in this district, and10,919workers expose to occupational hazards, while female workers account for17.74%of the total workers exposed to occupational hazards. In the409enterprises, the total output value of2009mainly is less than2million. The enterprises locate in the region with economic development zone, for example Jia and Yi villages. It involves18industries, mainly in the furniture manufacturing, foundry and Chemical industry. The main types of registration are the limited liability companies and private companies.2. There are8types of dust by survey in the101enterprises, mainly including welding fumes and silica dust. Silica dust mainly exists in mining, stone processing, cement manufacturing and foundry industry.59.41%of the enterprises have declared occupational hazard program. The rate of occupational health management staffing, the rate employee Business insurance contributions and Labor contract rate are in more than70.00%, but corporate occupational hazards emergency plans to establish rate is relatively low, only26.73%. Other rates are at about50.00%including occupational health management system, occupational health examination system, the establishment of occupational hazards warning marks at occupational health archives workplace and training knowledge about occupational health. At positions exposure to silica dust, welding fumes, the rate of equipment to protective dust is low, and at positions exposure to other dust, the rate of running to protective dust equipment is the worst, and at positions exposure to other dust, the rate of equipment to dust masks is the lowest, and at positions exposure to wood dust, the rate of wearing to dust masks is the lowest. From2009to2011, the healthy rate increases to the worker on the job year by year.3. From2009to2011, the dust detection pass rate increases year by year. From the test results, the lower pass rate of detection is wood dust and silica dust. The pass rate of dust detection is above60.00%containing cement dust and welding fumes and so on.4. In the enterprises fulfilled declaration of occupational health, the management is better than undeclared enterprises. In the enterprises to carry out the training of occupational health knowledge, warning marks set rate, and the rate of dust masks are higher than not training. The nature of the dust test results is related to dust species, occupational health management, organizations, system,file creation, management staffing, dust equipment operation and the type of enterprise. Conclusions1. Government should increase supervision of the enterprises, and clear the responsibilities of enterprises and law enforcement agencies, in the prior to the completion of the transfer of functions. Government should increase supervision.2. Through increasing training for enterprise workers, we may let occupational health knowledge into the business, communities and the family. By increasing media propaganda and transformating the self-protection awareness of the hazards to workers exposed to dust, the rate of wearing to dust masks will rise.3. We should transformate the regulatory approach, and imply particular management measures to the presence of problem the hazardous enterprises containing silica dust and key industries.4. Improving the rate of occupation health declaration and strengthing corporate management measures are to protect the health interests of the workers.5. It is critical to carry out the monitoring of the dust concentration and occupational health self-test and self-examination on a regular basis. The implementation of dynamic monitoring to dust concentration, and taking dust to fall dust control measures, are efficacious timely to control of dust concentration.
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