Close-to-nature Structure Of Forest And Soil And Water Conservation Capacity In Luohan Cliff Forest Farm Mountain Taishan

In this paper, the characteristics and soil and water conservation capacity of the canopy interception and biological diversity and stand structure and natural regeneration and soil layer and litter layer of the nine forests in luo-han-ya forest farm was anlyzed comprehensively and systematically with the methods of close-to-nature forestry and soil and water conservation capacity, close-to-nature closeness and stage successions was evaluated ,and the relationship of the close-to-nature closeness and soil and water conservation capacity, the results showed that:1.The understory natural regeneration of broadleaf forest was better than coniferous forest.The understory natural regeneration tree species of Pistacia chinensis pure forest is most,and the least is Pinus thunbergii pure forest.In the understory natural regeneration tree species,the quantity of Quercus acutissima was most,and the distribution of Pistacia chinensis was most widely.The sequence of the understory natural regeneration order was that:15a Quercus acutissima>50a Quercus acutissima>Acer mono>Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii> Pistacia chinensis> Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia> Platycladus orientalis ) >Robinia pseudoacacia>Pinus thunbergii.There was a positive correlation between close-to-nature closeness and litter thicknesses.The good close-to-nature structure and litter thicknesses wew good to the understory natural regeneration.2.The horizontal structure and vertical structure of mixed forest were better than the pure forest's.The vertical structure of Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii mixed forest was the best, and it was multi layer structure.However, the horizontal structure of Platycladus orientalis pure forest was the best,and the diameter class of it was most,and it was the best one which was near to the characters of close-to-nature forest.3.In the nine forest types, the Shannon-Wienner index of broadleaf forest was higher than coniferous forest.The Shannon-Wienner index of mixed wood was less than broadleaf pure forestand was higher than the coniferous pure forest.The mixed wood was higher than the broadleaf mixed forest.The Pielou index of broadleaf pure forest was higher than the coniferous pure forest.The mixed wood was higher than the coniferous pure forest.The relationship between broadleaf pure forest and mixed wood was not evident.The sequence of the forest which was goog to the biodiversitywas that: broadleaf forest> mixed wood>coniferous forest. 4.In the close-to-nature evaluation of the nine forest types, the close-to-nature closeness of Platycladus orientalis pure forest was the beast, but the mixed forest was higher than pure forest.The sequence of the close-to-nature closeness was that:Platycladus orientalis>Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia>Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii>15a Quercus acutissima>Acer mono>50a Quercus acutissima>Robinia pseudoacacia>Pinus thunbergii>Pistacia chinensis.The canopy density of the nine forest types were high,and they all reached the standard of closing of crop.The nine forests were on the middle stage of forest succession.The forest succession stage of Acer mono pure forest and Platycladus orientalis)pure forest and 50a Quercus acutissima pure forest and Pinus thunbergii pure forest and Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii mixed forest were target tree growth stage.The Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest and 15a Quercus acutissima pure forest and Pistacia chinensis pure forest were on the quality formation stage.The forest succession stage of Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia was growth and tending stage.)。5.The ability to interception of the mixed forest was better than the pure forest.The sequence of the ability to canopy interception is that:Acer mono>Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii>15a Quercus acutissima>Robinia pseudoacacia>50a Quercus acutissima>Pistacia chinensis>Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia>Platycladus orientalis>Pinus thunbergii.There was very good linear relationship existed between stand precipitation and open field precipitation. There was a good logarithmic relationship between interception and open field precipitation. The fitting equations of stand precipitation and open field precipitation is that :y=0.8320x-5.4287.The fitting equations of interception and open field precipitation is that :y=1.3678x0.6139.There were positive correlation between interception and close-to-nature closeness. The saturated interception was high if the close-to-nature closeness of the forest types was higeh.The better canopy density and more numember of diameter class and bigger stand density and higher tree height could improve the ability to interception.6.In the nine forest types,the average permeation rate and stable permeation rate and permeability coefficient of the mixed forest were better than the pure forest.The sequence of the soil saturated water capacity was that: Acer mono>Platycladus orientalis>Robinia pseudoacacia> Pinus thunbergii>Pistacia chinensis>15a Quercus acutissima>50a Quercus acutissima> Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia> Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii. The sequence of the soil effect water capacity was that:50a Quercus acutissima)>(Acer mono)> Platycladus orientalis>15a Quercus acutissima ) > Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii ) > Pinus thunbergii ) >Robinia pseudoacacia ) > Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia)> Pistacia chinensis).The high close-to-nature closeness forest type could improve the soil non-capillary porosity.The forest type which had high diameter could improve the soil effect water capacity.The ability of soil effect water capacity of the forest type would be high,if its succession stage was hiagh.The high close-to-nature closeness forest type could improve the ability of soil infiltration.There were positive correlation between the close-to-nature closeness and the ability of soil infiltration.In a certain range,the stand density could improve the soil infiltration.).7.At the aspect of litter thicknesses, broadleaf forest was higher than coniferous forest.The sequence of the litter saturated water capacity was that:Acer mono> Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii>15a Quercus acutissima> Robinia pseudoacacia>50a Quercus acutissima> Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia> Platycladus orientalis> Pinus thunbergii> Pistacia chinensis.The sequence of the effect water capacity was that:Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii> Acer mono>15a Quercus acutissima>Robinia pseudoacacia>Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia>50a Quercus acutissima>Platycladus orientalis>Pistacia chinensis>Pinus thunbergii.The good close-to-nature structure could improve the litter accumulations and the ability of litter water capacity.8.Synthesizing the canopy layer and soil layer and litter layer of the forests types.The evaluation result of soil and water conservation capacity of the nine forest types was that:Acer mono (98.57mm)>50a Quercus acutissima (90.53mm)>15a Quercus acutissima (84.49mm)>Quercus acutissima×Pinus thunbergii (82.08mm)>Platycladus orientalis (81.35mm)>Robinia pseudoacacia (69.72mm)>Pistacia chinensis×Robinia pseudoacacia (64.03mm)>Pinus thunbergii (63.83mm)>Pistacia chinensis (60.39mm).There were positive correlation between the close-to-nature closeness and the stand density and the ability of litter water capacity.The close-to-nature structure and succession stage could improve the litter water-holding capacities.