Research Of Different Locations Of Soil In Long-standing Apple Orchard Versus Replanted One

The article was studied on the basis of pro-research in a long-standing and replanted apple orchard in Yanzhang, Taian in 2008 and 2009. We tested the differences of the soil in the different locations of the old apple orchard and replanted one. Effects of fermentation liquor of organic materials to the replant trees were studied in Daolang, Taian. The main result are as follows:1. There are significant differences within the soil environment between the rows and the tree holes. Soil enzymes ( Urease, Invertase, Neutral phosphatase, Catalase and Protease ) activity between the rows was significantly higher than that in the apple trees holes. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil between the lines was more than the soil in the tree holes, but the number of fungi is less. Soil nematode abundance, species number, diversity index, abundance index, plant parasitic nematode maturity index (PPI) in the rows is higher than in the tree holes, the density of the herbivores in the tree holes is higher than in the rows.2. In replanted orchard, it shows significant different within the soil environment in the tree holes as they planted in different locations. Soil urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase, catalase and protease activity in the tree holes while the trees replanted in the original lines of the old orchard were 17.8%,10.1%,3.4%,12.8% and 5.7% higher than those replanted in the original old apple tree holes. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the tree holes while the trees replanted in the original lines of the old orchard were more than those replanted in the original old apple tree holes, but the number of fungi is less. The soil nematode density, PPI and PPI/MI in the tree holes while the trees replanted in the original lines of the old orchard were higher than the soil under the trees replanted in the original old tree holes.3. In the replanted orchard, the biomass of the trees related with the replant positions. Tree height, roughness, leading branches and the total length of branches of the trees replanted in the in the original lines of the old orchard grew significantly better than the trees replanted in the original old apple tree holes, the chlorophyll content and the Pn in the different time in a day of the functional leaves showed significant higher than the trees replanted in the original old apple tree holes.4. Soil nematode is a good indicator of soil health indicators, it could sensitive reflect the deterioration of soil, the soil environment of the replanting of trees holes get worse. The functional group index indicated that apple replant significantly altered the ratio of r- and k- choice of plant parasite nematodes. Compared with free-living nematodes, plant parasite nematodes were more sensitive to the replanting of apple trees. The number of different feeding nematodes in soil results showed that the number of herbivorous nematode damage in apple replant orchard is not the main reason of apple replant disease.5. Fermentation liquor of organic materials can significantly improve the growth of young trees in replanted orchard. Tree height, roughness, leading branches and the total length of branches almost approaches the non-replant control (Comparison). It also could improve the soil enzyme activities, fermentation liquor treatment also showed a significant increase in the number of bacteria. In the same cultivation conditions, fermentation liquor treatment significantly increases the Pn and growth of young trees in the replant orchard. In the replanted orchard, fermentation liquor can promote the formation of its own microbial system.