Effects Of Anaerobic And Aerobic Fermentation Of Organic Materials On Continuous Cropping Soil Environment And Malus Hupehensis Seedling Biomass

The experiment was investigated in the college of horticultural science and engineering of Shandong Agricultural University from2011to2013.The test used Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings as experiment materials. In this study, pig manure+straw, chicken manure+straw, sheep manure+straw and three above manures+straw were fermented under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The end product of fermentation was applied to containers filled with continuous cropping soil of apple field. The effects of fermented product on apple seedlings growth in containers, microbiology, activity of urease, invertase and phosphatases, soil organic matter, soil pH as well as phenolic acid in continuous cropping soil contents was investigated. The main results are as follows:1. Vitamin B, organic acids and total free amino acids of the fermentation fluid and composting end product were measured, the results as follows that the VB2content in pig and sheep fermentation was more than their composting, and the VB5content in pig and chicken fermentation was higher than composting, the VB12content in pig、chicken and mixed composting was higher than their fermentation fluid; Chicken and mixed have significant difference between the two forms of organic material, the tartaric acid content in pig and mixed fermentation fluid was more than their composting, chicken and sheep manure on the contrary, significant difference; Pig fermentation fluid’s lactic acid content was higher than its composting, and chicken manure on the contrary; The amount of free amino acid fermentation fluid were higher than its corresponding compost content.2. The fermentation fluid and compost were producted under the same external environment condition, the end of product of fermentation was applied to containers, soil available nutrients was increased and the pig manure’s fermented fluid has the most nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus compared with other treatments. Pig manure’s fermented fluid increased nitrate nitrogen by1.61and1.24times as compared to the control plant in July and September, respectively. Available phosphorus was increased by1.29and1.51compared with the control plant in above two months. Availale kalium was increased by both forms of organic matter, sheep manure’s fermented fluid was best, and it increased about1.16and1.42times in July and September.3. Fermented fluid and compost were applied to containers and enhanced the biomass of Malus hupehensis seedlings in different degrees. In July and September, the fermented liquid has a stronger effect than the solid compost in plant fresh and dry weight. Pig manure’ s fermented fluid was best, and it increased by1.57and1.26times as compared to the control plant in July, respectively, and1.55and1.86times in September, respectively.4. In July, soil urease has no difference between two forms of pig and sheep manures and significant difference between two forms of chicken and mixed, chicken compost was best, and it increased by2.94times as compared to the control plant; soil phosphatases has no difference between fermented fluid and compost, but all stronger than the control plant; between chicken fermented liquid and compost, soil invertase has significant difference, chicken compost increased about1.05times as compared to the control plant; soil catalase has significant difference between pig manure’s two forms, and enzymatic activity was0.534mol/(h·g). In September, soil urease has significant differences between two forms of pig and sheep manures, pig manure’s fermented fluid was best, and it increased about2.00times compared to the control plant; soil phosphatases has significant differences between two forms of pig and chicken, pig manure’s fermented fluid was best, and it was3.52times of the control plant; pig、sheep and mixed manures all have significant between their two forms in soil invertase, pig manure’s fermented liquid was best, enzymatic activity was1.90mg/(h·g); soil catalae has significant difference between pig and chicken manure’s two forms, pig manure’s compost was higher than fermented liquid, chicken manure just the opposite.5. Soil microorganism population quantities was increased by both forms of organic matter, the fermented liquid has a better than the solid compost. In July, the mixed fermented liquid was the best in bacterial and actinomycetal density, and increased about1.75and1.73times, respectively; sheep manure’s fermented liquid was the best in fungus, increased about2.23times. In September, the sheep manure’s fermented fluid was the best in bacterial and actinomycetal density, increased by2.95and2.37times, respectively; the mixed manure’s fermented liquid was the best, increased by2.11times.6. Two kinds of organic materials on soil pH effects is not obvious compared with the CK. Fermented fluid compared with compost that all fermented fluid’s soil pH were lower than compost expect the mixed manure. Chicken manure’s fermented fluid was best, and it’s0.965times of CK in July and0.974times in September, fermented fluid and compost in fine-tuning and cushion on soil pH.7. The different forms of organic materials were added to containers and have obvious difference on soil phenolic acids. July compared with September, the species number of phenolic was increased, the total phenolic acid content decreased after pig manure’s compost and chicken manure’s fermented fluid were added to containers, and decreased by43.66%、 55.84%and46.40%, respectively. Chicken manure’s compost, sheep and mixed manure increased the total phenolic acid content. All phenolic acids were increased in the control plant, but the fermented fluid and compost have different effects on individual phenol class content with different treatments.