Studies Of Flowers And Fruits Management Technology On Apricot Advanced Cultivars

Two table apricot cultivars for,'Luotuohuang'(early type) and'Chuanzhihong'(late type) and two kernel cultivars'Guoren'and'Fengren'were used in this study. An effective management for flowers and fruits and suitable harvesting times for each cultivars have been released from the studies on growing tendency of fruit and flower and fruit dropping. Applying times and amounts of N, P, K fertilizers on different cultivars were also carried out in this study to determine the most suitable time and amount of fertilizer applications. For further management of advanced cultivars and extension of these cultivars, this provides theoretical guidance and scientific support. The results were as the followings:1. The results from tendencies of flower and fruit drops showed that two peaks appeared among different apricot cultivars, one at the end of blossom and another at the early period of fruit developing about 4～8d and 2～25d after blossom each.'Luotuohuang' showed these two peaks at 4d and 22d after blossm and the rest three cultivars showed the peaks at 6～7d and 4～25d respectively.2.The results from applying external hormone and nutrition treatments showed that fruit setting rates can reach 19.9% and 19.6% under 150mg/L GA and 1200倍RE treatments which showed the most effective way in increasing fruit setting rats for table apricot 'Chuanzhihong'. While for kernel apricot'Guoren'and'Fengren', fruit setting rate was the highest by spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution during flowering at 25.5%和21.9% respectively.3. According to the fruit development of dynamic survey, apricot cultivars had two peaks during growing season called rapid growing and slow growing periods.4. The most suitable harvesting time for kernel apricots were determined and had two growing periods during fruit developments, that is, rapid growing period and slow growing period. The second growing period was long and lasted 63d which is the critical period during kernel growth. Harvesting 98d after blossom,'Fengren'and'Guoren'showed highest kernel rates at 37.5% and 31.8% higher than harvesting on other times, which was the best time for harvest.5. According to the fertilization tests, physiological index of fruits and leaves showed the highest values under 2.25kg application per tree. The yield of'Luotuohuang' increased by 116.9% compared to the control. The contents of protein and fat in fruits of'Guoren'showed the highest values 2.572%,3.349% higher than the controls and other fertilizer treatments.6. Apricot optimum application times of special fertilizers showed that twice applications at spring (1/3)and autumn (2/3) were the best combinations higher than single applications during seasons of spring, summer and autumn. The contents of N,P2O5,K2O,Ca, Mg in leaves and the contents of protein and fat in kernel and kernel yield were 2.74%,0.435%,1.47%,1.89%,74mg/kg,87.2g,24.4%,53.2% respectively.