Study On The Florescence's Biological Characterisitics Of Efficient Pollination Apple Tree

Apple belongs to the kind of self-incompatibility, so it is necessary to arrange varieties for pollination or to perform artificial pollination for high and stable yield during the planting of apple. For a long time we have been used to solve apple pollination probliems by planting many varieties, but it resulted in management difficulties and increased production costs. Thus breeding a good pollination variety, with a view to provide suitable efficient pollination tree for China's apple planting, is particularly important. Crabapple(Malus sp.) , Malus of Rosaceae, has close genetic relationship with apple, and often been planted as pollination tree for apple. Crabapple's enormously flower volume are far beyond the varieties of existing apple.Therefore,the study around the reproductive characteristics of crabapple, in order to elect good crabapple pollination variety, are important to the apple planting. The follews are main results.1. Investigated the crabapple's annual phenophase, morphology and the flower nature, continuity, insect visiting amount, breeding a suitable pollination strain such as 5332, 2167, 2119, 5353 and 1382.2. Selected nine of ornamental Malus and measured he pollen germination rate in different media conditions to found the suitable medium component. Analysis showed that the suitable medium component for germination of crabapple pollen was 10% sucrose + 0.2% boric acid + 1% agar.3. Detected on pollen germination rate of different florescence crabapple varieties. The results showed that there is no significant difference between different florescence crabapple varieties. The highest pollen were'zuanshi', 1382, and 5332, 2119 , 5353 respectively in early blossoming, middle blossoming and late blossoming crabapple.4. Pollen germination was influenced by external conditions, especially by ermination emperature. Measured crabapple pollen germination with 4℃, 15℃and 30℃incubator . The results showed that the better temperature for pollen was 15℃~ 20℃, the temperature also was apple's effective pollination temperature. Crabapple pollen was adaptable better to temperature. The pollen of 5353,2180,2119 had better viability at temperature 4℃and 30℃. So they w ere more suitable for pollinator tree.5. In order to validate the effect of pollination tree further, we checked it with a pollination experiment. The results show that, the pollinated varieties of 2119,5353 and 2167 were superior to other pollinators in fruit setting rate, fruit weight, soluble solid, fruit firmness, as well as the area of fruit coloring.