| Camellia yubsienensis Hu. is the Theaceae Camellia plants, Spring flowering, compact tree, dwarf crown; thin shell, the high seed rate and oil content, resistant to anthracnose, is a good breeding germplasm. In recent years, the rearch on biology and cultivation technology that has been reported, but also widespread in the production of fruit is low, the problem of low yield, in order to further clarify the flowering and fruiting characteristics of C. yubsienensis Hu, to improve their yield and quality, this paper taking C. yubsienensis Hu as materials, using of paraffin sections, fluorescence microscopy and other methods, their male and female gametophyte development, the process of pollination and fertilization,and the other aspects growth of the fruit in a system of research, its findings can be summarized as follows:1,The study on male and female gametophyte development of C. yubsienensis Hu.The anther wall is a basic type, glandular tapetum; microspore mother cell meiosis in the cytokinesis is simultaneous, tetrads are mostly tetrahedral; mature pollen grains are two-celled, with three apertures. Pistil ovary of 3 carpels three rooms, each room with three to five ovules; ovule is anatropous ovule, nucellus thin, with a double integument; megaspore tetrad arranged T-shaped, two spore-type embryo sac; an onion-type embryo sac. Callose in the size of the spores in the period, a pattern of occurrence and degradation. During development, male and female gametophyte and flower morphology have enjoyed relative stability.2,The study on pollination and fertilization of C. yubsienensis Hu. C. yubsienensis Hu content of 2595.55 pollen per anther. Of its in pollination varieties the number of pollen grains of C.villosa Chang.et Liang. is the highest,5128.89 pollen per anther, wheares the C.polyodonta how.ex Hu is lowest, only 1,555.56 pollen per anther. C. yubsienensis Hu. pollen germination rate was 72.0%, the pollination pollen fertility stronger varieties, germination rate was between 81.4%～99.0%.The observation of stigma, C. yubsienensis Hu best pollination period of two days before flowering to flowering the first two days, a total of four days. Field pollination fruit set high to low order:C.villosa Chang.et Liang> C. yubsienensis Hu>C. mangniflora Chang>C.polyodonta how.ex Hu>C. semiserrata Chi.>C.crassissima Chang.et Shi. Since the self- pollination and crossing-pollination, the pollen tube can grow to the style base, but the growth rate is different, the growth rate of crossing-pollination more faster than the self- pollination, and crossing-pollination to reach base after 24h, self- pollination reach the style base after 48h, indicating C. yubsienensis Hu self-incompatibility of plants. After pollinating 72h, double fertilization process is complete, C. yubsienensis Hu gamete fusion process are pre-mitotic type.3,The study on Seed and Fruit Development of C. yubsienensis Hu.C. yubsienensis Hu been dormant zygote split, forming two-cell embryos, globular embryo and cotyledon. Endosperm nuclear type. Integument develop into the seed coat, seed coat and the alternative for the testa. Fruit development in the early embryo abortion observed phenomenon.. Fruit growth and size changes during the development of significant growth and development with time and growth, and showed a single "S" curves for change. C. yubsienensis Hu fruit longitudinal, transverse and a positive correlation between fruit quality, the correlation coefficients were 0.920 and 0.952; but between the fruit diameter and fruit shape index was negatively correlated with correlation coefficient -0.945. The fatty acids in seeds relatively content of the palmitic acid 10.199%, the stearic acid 1.308%, the oleic acid 76.240%,the linoleic acid 10.144%, the linolenic acid 1.412% and other fatty acid content of 0.697%. |
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