| Camellia Oleifera Abel, a species of Theaceae, was a kind of entomophilous plant and unique woody oil tree species of china.Camellia was low yield and quality at present,because of low fruit setting.In order to inquire the flowering habit and the pollination tree optimal setting of Camellia in yield,the author rearch the pollen features,crossability and genetic diversity of ten species of main cultivating Camellia Oleifera Abel in Hunan province,in ways of field observation, hand-pollinate and fluorescence microscopy observation.the results are as follows:(1) Genetic diversity.It can be seen that the leaves,flowers and fruits'form were different among ten species Camellia Oleifera Abel.By phenotypic traits cluster analysis,ten species of Camellia Oleifera Abel were different greatly to each other.The phenotype of ChaLingerxian15 and ChaLingerxian343 species were closed,the same to Huashuo and Huaxin species,but the phenotype of the rest species were different greatly to each other.After setting the PCR optimum system,totolly 50 bands were amplified by 6 selected ISSR primer and 42 bands were polymorphic.The quantity of bands amplified by Each primer were 8-12,each primer polymorphic loci rate were between 77.7%and 88.9%.The amplified bands were between 300 and 1500.The genetic distance of each clones range from 0.1892 to 0.8824.The genetic relationship were far between Tianxin6 and Xianglinl was and closed among Tianxin6,Hengdongl7 and Huashuo.The observed number of alleles(Na), Effective number of alleles(Ne),Nei's genetic diversity index(H) and Shannon-Weiner index of Camellia Oleifera Abel were 1.9310,1.7164,0.3917 and 0.5653,respectively,it can lead to the conclution that the level of genetic variation and Diversity of Camellia Oleifera Abel was much high.The genetic similarity coefficient of all experiment material ranged from 0.22 to 0.74,the mean was 0.48.It present that difference(2) Pollen features.By detecting the pollen quantity and vitality of ten species of Camellia Oleifera Abel,it can be seen that Huashuo,Huajin and Huaxin was the most in pollen quantity,each amount was 2939.967,3098.2,2632.067.The least was Chalingerxian 343.In the same culture condition,the pollen germination rate variation were not significant among different apecies of Camellia clones.The plant growth regulator promote the pollen germination.In culture condition of different plant growth regulator,the germination rate of different clones were different significantly.It was better that pollen conserve in-20℃in long time,the germination rate was obviously higer than that of-4℃, but the short-term conservation,both temperature condition were available. (3) Cultivar arrangement.The most of ten species of Camellia Oleifera Abel were early-flowering,full-bloom stage last 10 days in early November.pollination period last 6 days,but the bset was in 4 days.The best pollination time was from 2 days before initial floweing to the second day after flowering. Huasuo,Huajin and Huaxin species were the best compatible species as main pollination. By artificial supplementary pollination,the fruit setting rate was higer than that of natural pollination and in ways of cross pollination,the the fruit setting rate was higer than that of inbred pollination.whether inbred or cross, the pollen can germinate. After 24h,in ways of inbred pollination,the pollen tube get through the base of stylet;but in the same time,in ways of cross pollination,the pollen tube jusr get through the middle part of the stylet. |
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