Isolation And Identification Of Active Ingredients And Their Activities Of Fermentation Products From Armillaria Mellea

Armillaria mellea is a wild fungus, be often used as medicine and food. It parasites on a variety of woody , herbaceous plants. Study found that it has very important nutritional value and pharmacological effects, such as central sedation, improve sleep, enhance immunity and neural regulation. Its products are activated drugs to treat headache, dizziness, neurasthenia and other diseases, Fermentation products contain a majority of natural active substances, including nucleosides, essential amino acids, peptides, polysaccharides, and sesquiterpene compounds, ect. The composition of ingredients were isolated and identified, also the study of quality standards were carried out, which have important theoretical and practical value.This study examined active ingredients as polysaccharides, nucleosides and peptides. Basic structures of polysaccharides and nucleosides were analyzed further by the meyhod of liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile the antioxidant and antibacterial activities were investigated from Armillaria extract. The main results of experiments are as followings:1. With different types of carbon and nitrogen sources were changed, the experiment measured the polysaccharide production and dry cell weight, selected the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources of the polysaccharide production and strain growth from Armillaria mellea. The polysaccharide production in the combination of sweet potato power and soybean power was the best. Corn syrup and corn meal was a combination of the highest yield of mycelium. The basic structure of water soluble polysaccharide was analyzed by UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC) in the condition of derivatization. The structure of polysaccharide is composed by a single glucopyranosyl . 2. With ascorbic acid and tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ) as controls, the antioxidant activities of the water soluble polysaccharide has been systematically studied on hydroxyl (·OH), superoxide anion (·O^2-) and 1,1-Dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The results show that when scavenging of hydroxyl, superoxide anion and DPPH radicals reached 50%, the concentration of polysaccharide was 1.5, 3.5 and 0.5 mg·mL^-1. The scavenging ability of polysaccharide was significant in three different free radical scavenging system in vitro.3. This experiment isolated nucleoside substances by silica gel column chromatography, UV spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy showed its basic information. HPLC results revealed that it is a single component. And it corresponded with a nucleoside in the chromatogram of Armillaria. HPLC also analyzed the nucleoside in four different groups from Armillaria power. It was confirmed that the fermentation product contains Seven to nine nucleoside substances.4. The power was collected with 70% ethanol, water and petroleum ether by soxhlet extraction. The antibacterial activity was carried out to extraction. Results demonstrated that alcohol extract had the best inhibitory effect. The extract had both effect to two kinds of yeast and eight species of bacterial. Candida albicans and Candida grapes showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Water extract has weaker effective than alcohol extract, petroleum ether had no any effect.5. Polypeptide content was determined by the method of folin phenol in fermentation. It detected this method was simple and feasible, and it can be used for analysis of polypeptide content from Armillaria mellea.