The Optimum Conditions For Growth Of And Biological Properties Of Armillaria Mellea

Armillaria mellea is essential symbiotic fungus for the growth of valuable medicinal plant Gastrodia elata, Polyporus umbellatus.In recent years, it’s medicinal value, calming the central, improving sleep, enhancing immunity and regulating nerve, receive the widespread attention. The related products are effective drugs to treat headache, vertigo, neurasthenia and other diseases. So the rapid cultivation of Armillaria mellea with high yield and quality has an important role to promote the industrial development of Armillaria mellea. The purpose of this study was to explore the optimum culture conditions and some biological characteristics of Armillaria mellea, in order to realize the rapid cultivation of Armillaria mellea.The study mainly carried on the following work, and obtained some corresponding conclusions:1. PDA culture mediums containing different concentrations of pine needle extraction were cultured7days in dark at25℃after inoculated with Armillaria mellea stock culture. By comparing Armillaria mellea biomass, it was found that the medium containing30%pine needle extraction promoted the strongest growth of Armillaria mellea, produced biomass7times higher than the control containing no pine needle extractiong. So the medium containing30%pine needle extraction is the most suitable for Armillaria mellea growth.2. Armillaria mellea were inoculated in the mediums of pine needle, potato-carrot, beef extract, sawdust, wheat bran, PDA, and carrot, cultured7days in dark at25℃. It was found that Armillaria mellea in pine needle medium had shortest rhizomorph appeared time, strong rhizomorph, highest biomass. So pine needle medium is suitable for culturing Armillaria mellea stock culture.3. By comparing the biomass of Armillaria mellea in the4kinds of production strain mediums, it was found that the medium consisted of60%apple branch,30%corn cob,10%carrot and nutrient solution produced17.0g/1biomass, significantly higher than others, respectively2.91、2.90、1.93times. So the formula is more suitable for cultivation of Armillaria mellea cultivated strain.4. By compareing the produced biomass of Armillaria mellea in the fermentation mediums adding different amount of carrot, inoculation, alcohol and soybean oil, it was found that the medium adding5%carrot increased64%average biomass, more inoculation amounts led to better fermentation and growth, adding0.8%alcohol promoted growing significantly, adding0.2%soybean oil as defoaming agent produced better effect.5. The mediums containing different kinds and concentrations of germicides were cultured14days in dark at25℃after inoculated with Armillaria mellea. Then measured the colony diameter of Armillaria mellea. It were found that the colony diameter did not change significantly with increasing concentration of chlorothalonil and thiophanate methyl,, while for mancozeb, procymidone and carbendazim, the colony diameter decreased as the concentration increasing. The results show that chlorothalonil, thiophanate methyl has not inhibitory effect on Armillaria mellea, which is no sensitive to the two, but mancozeb, procymidone, carbendazim has obvious effect, Armillaria mellea is sensitive to the three.6. The active ingredients of Armillaria mellea rhizomorph were extracted with70%ethanol, water and acetone as the solvent. The3kinds of extractions and fermentation broth from Armillaria mellea were used to examine antimicrobial activity. It were found that the ethanol extract had certain inhibitory effect on Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Walnut anthracnose pathogen, no effect on Kikuchi alternata, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the water extract had certain inhibitory effect on Rhizoctonia solani, no effect on the other six; the acetone extract and the fermentation broth no effect on the7species; the medium with5concentrations of10%,20%,40%,80%,100%fermentation broth promoted the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Walnut anthracnose pathogen, Kikuchi alternata, Penicillium sp, and concentration increased, growth promoted.7. The seeds of cucumber, watermelon and tomatoes were germinated under the treatment of Armillaria mellea rhizomorph extraction and fermentation broth, distilled water. By analysising their germinating rate, it was found that Armillaria mellea rhizomorph extraction and fermentation broth significantly inhibited germination of three kinds of seeds, the rhizomorph extraction inhibited more than the fermentation broth.