Quantitative Evaluation On Saving Water And Protecting Soil Function And Ecological Benefit Of Ecological Forests In Infertile Mountainous Area

To explore saving water and protecting soil of different types of ecological forests in infertile mountainous area in Middle-south of Shandong province, choose appropriate in the hill country of central southern Shan dong barren tree type, for Shan dong province and even in north of China builds and restore hills zoology forest significance. This study selection in has typical characteristics of the soil central southern Shan dong barren hill Shan ting District 8 in 2000 to create the forest is divided into subjects, 8 kinds of forest types on the physical properties of soil, soil hydrological effect, biomass, runoff, and soil erosion study, and the quantitative. Finally, using the analytic hierarchy process to under eight kinds of forest types of comprehensive evaluation of ecological benefits, Choose the ecological benefit relatively good forest types. Made the following research results and conclusions:1. 8 kinds of forest types of soil total porosity, the capillary porosity, capillary porosity and soil bulk density, four indicators analyzed. Results show that 4 kinds of index except capillary porosity are significantly of the differences. The results are respectively: F0.05= 19.5418 ,Sig.= 0.000; F0.05= 5.808 ,Sig.= 0.0005; F0.05=1.7956, Sig.= 0.09;F0.05=158.0817, Sig.=0.000. Obtained through the analysis of 8 different forest types compared with the control of soil physical properties were improved better results. The physical properties of soil ameliorative effect may be divided into three classes: The first mixed stands Orientals, R. pseudo acacia forest on soil physical properties of the improvement effect is relatively good; Acer mono second pure forest, Galitsis pure forest, pepper pure forest, Ailanthus altissimo, the improvement effect of pure forest, followed by; The third class of black pine pure forest Artificial Orientals improvement effect with relatively poor.8 kinds of forest types by the operation under the fractal dimension of soil particle size differences, the change in the range between 1.994 ~ 2.297 (mean 2.128), and between 8 different forest types were significantly different. 8 kinds of forest types and the fractal dimension of soil particle size of the order: R. pseudo acacia forest> Orientals mixed stands> Acer mono Pure> Pure pepper> Galitsis Pure> Pure Ailanthus> Artificial Orientals> pine pure forest> control.2. 8 kinds of forest types of soil moisture, soil capillary maximum water and soil saturated water storage, three indicators analyzed. Results show that under the different forest types vary, the three indexes. Results show that the 3 indexes appear difference significantly, The results are respectively: F0.05=7.31 Sig.=0.000;F=20.14 Sig.=0.000;F0.05=13.5 Sig.=0.000. Obtained through the analysis of 8 different forest types and the effect of soil water compared to the control on improving the results were good, The hydrologic effect on soil ameliorative effect can be divided into three categories: The first Orientals and Robin pseudo acacia mixed stands as a better class; The second category Acer mono, spooning and pepper, followed by a class of Lin; The third category Ailanthus altissimo, P. Orientals, and black pines for the poor category.3. 8 different types of stand conditions, The highest species richness for the Locust 12; The lowest is controlled for 7; Overall average for 9.3; Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) and Simpson diversity index (D) are the largest locust, 1.67 and 0.77 respectively; Control to minimum, 1.23 and 0.49 respectively; Pylon's evenness index (J) and Palatal evenness index (E) also are the largest locust, 0.75 and 0.71 respectively; Control to minimum, 0.47 and 0.44 respectively. 8 kinds of forest types of Shannon - Wiener diversity index (H) and Palatal evenness index (Ea) analysis of variance, the result: F0.05= 23.55,Sig.= 0.000;F0.05= 18.64, Sig.= 0.000,All show significant difference. The first mixed stands Orientals, R. pseudo acacia forest can be classified as a class and the improvement of the best; The second maple pure forest, the soap Angle pure forests and prickly ash pure forest into category and ameliorative effect is poorer; Artificial Orientals III, Ailanthus altissimo forest and pine pure forest classified as a class and improved to be less effective.4. 8 forest types of surface runoff analysis,To control surface runoff to a maximum of 2820.3 m3/hm2 ? a, R. pseudo acacia forest for the smallest 2101.8 m3/hm2·a, An average of 2313. 3 m3/hm2·a, Runoff coefficient in different forest types are different. and in contrast to the maximum 0.42, Minimum of robin pure forest for 0.31, an average of 0.35. And runoff coefficient and soil bulk density were positively correlated , y=2.628x+0.3557,R2=0.7831;Runoff coefficient and soil total porosity were significantly negative correlation y=-79.15x+80.937 ,R2=0.909.5. 8 kinds of forest types on soil erosion analysis, to control soil erosion modulus to maximum 52.1t/hm2, the minimum Robin pseudo acacia 32.00 t/hm2. Its analysis of variance F0.05= 617.7 Sig. = 0.000,Difference is significant. Soil erosion modulus and the total soil porosity was significantly negatively correlated y=-0.0039x+68.267,R2=0.8947;Soil erosion modulus and vegetation cover was significantly negatively correlated y=-0.017x+131.04,R2=0.9434. Different forest types of soil conservation benefit differences. Soil conservation benefits of the size of the order of R. pseudo acacia forest> Acer mono pure forest> P. Orientals mixed stand> pepper Pure> Pure Galitsis> Ailanthus pure forest> pine pure forest> Artificial Orientals.6. Different forest types of content of soil organic matter is different, the Maximum is Robin 0.758%, the minimum is comparison 0.421%, Average for 0.693%. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content of different, The average was 0.067%, 0.043%, 0.084%, Among them, the pentagon locust pure forest maple pure forest, six of the mixed forest soil nutrient content is crowded relatively high, Galitsis, pepper, Ailanthus altissimo, followed by soil nutrient content, Orientals, Pinups Thunberg in relatively poor soil nutrient content.7. Different types of tree stands in the 3.97 ~ 4.90t/hm2 biomass between, To the largest locust 4.90 t/hm2, Ailanthus altissimo minimum 3.97 t/hm2, the average of 4.39 t/hm2; Shrubs biomass in t/hm2between, To the maximum of Locust 2.16 t/hm2, Control minimum for 1.15 t/hm2, Average of 1.91 t/hm2, Herb biomass 1.82 ~ 3.42 t/hm2 between, To the maximum of Locust 3.42 t/hm2, Control the minimum 1.82 t/hm2, the average of 3.02 t/hm2; The amount of litter accumulated between 1.31 ~ 2.01t/hm2, Orientals minimum 1.31 t/hm2, the average of 1.75 t/hm2; Using SPSS software, shrubs, grass and total biomass after dimensionless cluster analysis, The results for the locust as a class, biomass is relatively large; Pepper, Cassia, Acer mono, Ailanthus altissimo as a class, biomass is second; Side of the black, black pine, arborvitae as a class, biomass is relatively small.8. 8 different types of forests to reduce the value of the land abandoned, reducing the value of soil deposition, reducing the value of soil nutrients, increase the value of water conservation, flood and drought increased consumer value and increasing the value of the purification of water quality analysis of the value of 7, To a maximum of locust2733.6元/ hm2·a, Pinups Thunberg is minimum of 947.97 yuan per hectare per year, Average is 1741.18 yuan per hectare per year. Using SPSS software 8 a variety of different forest types of cluster analysis of effectiveness, the result is that Mixed stands Orientals, R. pseudo acacia forest for the better class; Pepper forest, Galitsis forest, Acer mono forest, second; Side of Berlin, black pine, forest tree of heaven are poor.