Study On Selective Breeding And Bionomics In Bud Mutation Of Apple

Apple is one of the most important fruits, With gorgeous color and luster,beautiful shape, apples are nourishing fruits and people like it very much. China is the original place of apple, with abundant species resources, superior ecosystem condition, wide land and immense market capacity.'Ralls'apple which has the characters of late maturing, good flavors and strong stress resistance, so has been popular with people. But the appearance and poor colcouration has always been the main limiting factor of its development. Fruits'coloration affects their commodity value directly. Anthocyanin whose biosythesis is series of enzymatic reaction is the major pigment forming the red of pericarp. Its relationship with related enzymes is quite complicated-the same enzyme performs differently in different species, and the regulation mechanism of red pigment development is different in different plants. The contents of sugars, organic acids in fruit and the ratio of sugar to acid are most important quality index of apple. Now, the apple fruits in some producing areas contain too much content of organic acids and too low ratio of sugar to acid. In this study, the sport from was investigated in morphology, fruit quality, and cytobiology.The main results are as follows:1,Select the the bud mutation'Ralls'which have the fine composite economic trait. And fine to improve the variety natural resources of'Ralls'.2,From observe the branches, leaves, flowers and phenological characteristics of'Ralls'apple mutation, we found that the bud mutation and the mother Plant had the same on that index. Through grafting and Pruning test, we found that the bud mutation was a short- branch mutation, and the bud mutation was a periphery chimera.3,The important kinds of aromatic component and relative amount is close to each other;but in the fruit of but mutation the content of sugar, Vc and the ratio of sugar to acid are higher in the'Ralls'. Anthocyanin content in mature fruits was 132.70U·g-1FW in the latter which was very significantly higher than that in the former (49.40 U·g-1FW).This resulted in the better coloration of the mutation, in which the pigmentation started 60 days earlier than in'Ralls'.4,From the study on the of the pericarp pigment and the enzyme of the anthocyanin synthesis, we can see that during the process of the fruit development, the content of anthocyanin in bud mutation higher in'Ralls'and it enzyme earlier. But the two have no different in the content of chlorophyll in pericarp. Activities of PAL and UFGT were almost the same between the two materials, but CHI and DFR activities were significantly higher in bud mutation, which was related to the increase of anthocyanin levels in the mutation.5,Above all, there were no significant in fruit character and bionomics of bud mutation. That only the bud mutation colouring earlier and better, it is a very important red bud mutation of'Ralls'apple.