The Effect Of Topography And Geomorphology On Land Consolidation

Land is the important natural resource for the subsistence and development of mankind. Land consolidation is the fundamental way to realize the dynamic equilibrium of total cultivated and the important act to protect cultivated land. Topography is closely related to land use, the analysis and evaluation for the topography is the basis of land consolidation, so it is very necessary to carry out the research of land consolidation.There are many researches about generation, development and significance of land consolidation, and the domestic and foreign scholars have done many researches about the economic and social background factors in researching about the influence factors of land consolidation, but lacked of natural characteristics which caused these factors. Therefore, the present studies cannot provide comprehensive reference for land consolidation.Choose three kinds of landscape and nine land consolidation projects of six counties in Chongqing as study object, the land-use map with scale of 1:2000 and topographic map as working map, the land consolidation planning map with scale of 1:2000 was completed through the investigation of socioeconomic status, land use situation, demand of farmers and consolidation standards. In order to make rational use of land resource and provide reasonable foundation for choosing the site for land consolidation, we illustrate the effect of landscape on land consolidation by carrying out research of landscape effect on the land use, project distribution and the benefit after land consolidation about research areas. The results showed that:1. In terms of current land use situation of different study regions, the slope of the main land use types totally appeared an increasing trend with the increasing of altitude and elevation in three landscapes, and the quantity of virgin land also increased gradually. In terms of current situation of irrigation and drainage engineering, with the increasing of altitude and elevation, the possession of water resources in three types of landscape reduced, and the area of single occupancy water decreased too, but the density of irrigation and drainage ditches which linked water and blocks increased. In terms of roads situation, because of the complexity of landscape, and the increasing of altitude and elevation, the density of production roads was gradually increased, while the density of field roads decreased and the width of it was digressive. It showed that the topographical features had a certain influence on current land use situation before the implementing of land consolidation in each study area.2. By variance analyzing of the land consolidation projects distribution in three research areas, which have the different landscape conditions, the results showed that there were obvious difference in the leveling earthwork volume, building cross-wall volume and foundation trench volume. Because of the different landscape conditions, quantities of land leveling followed the increasing law of shallow hill, the deep hill and the low mountain areas. Firstly, in the planning of irrigation and drainage engineering, several reservoirs should be build to complement the water resources spatial distribution insufficiency in the research areas, and the mountain flat ponds should be fixed to guarantee the water holding capacity, however, in the irrigation and drainage projects, it was important to built and fix the original ditches. Secondly, for new ditches, the specification below 1×1 meters was the primary form in the shallow hill areas, and the same as low mountain areas. But in the deep hill areas, the specifications of new ditches were all below 1×1 meters. Thirdly, in the planning of road projects, most of the roads were with the width of 1.2 meter in the shallow hill areas,0.8 meter in the deep hill areas and 0.6 meter in the low mountain areas, which showed the progressively decreased tendency. It was obvious that the landscape had effect on the land consolidation projects distribution to a certain extent.3. Through the analysis of socio-economic and ecological benefits, with the condition of topographic diversity, the scores of socio-economic and ecological benefits in each study areas were as follows:shallow hill I 11.097, deep hill II 14.575, and low mountain II 14.505. It indicated that the growth of socio-economic and ecological benefits after land consolidation in deep hill areas was the most obvious. There were some corresponding changes of ecosystem services value in each study areas, the profitsandlosses rate of ecosystem services value of land consolidation in deep hill II was the highest, which had increased by 7.45%, shallow hill I was less, which had increased by 5.9%, the profitsandlosses rate of ecosystem services value of land consolidation in low mountain II was the lowest, which had increased by 5.69%. It indicated the ecosystem services value after land consolidation in deep hill areas was the best.In summary, the land consolidation of Chongqing influenced by the topography seriously. In terms of the land use, land consolidation planning and the social, economic and ecological benefits of study area, the differences of these caused by topography could not be ignored. So, deeper potential, better benefit and more appropriate should be the selection criteria in the choosing process of land consolidation area.