Study On Resource-saving Models Of Farming System In Southwestern China

Resource-saving farming system is established on the basis of the farming system. In some extent, it is the development and extension of farming system. With the increasingly consumption of resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural resources has constantly been sharpened. In a way, resource-saving farming system is the best choice for the sustainable development of agriculture in China.The agriculture has been lapped down in Southwestern China by its status, such as the sharpened contradiction between human and arable land, prominent engineering shortage of water, serious seasonal drought, and heavier fertilizer and less organic fertilizer. According to the characteristics of agricultural resources on its light, temperature, water, arable land and fertilizer resources, combined with the statistics and literature data, this paper analyzed the evolution characteristics of farming system in Southwestern China. Through the study on its present situation of arable land resources, water and fertilizer resources, paper has explored the potential of resource-saving maximally. Besides, it also analyzed the restricting factors, and put forward some reasonable approaches as well as the suitable dominant models for the development of resource-saving farming system. Main conclusions are as follows:(1) It is reasonable to develop resource-saving farming system in Southwestern China. Over look the condition in Southwestern China, the contradiction between human and arable land increasingly rose. And the per capita arable land area was only 0.050 hm2. There was a great amount of water resources, but the distribution was uneven, and the rate of water utilization was lower. Besides, the water conservancy projects were insufficient, it always been seasonal drought. In the aspect of the consumption of fertilizer, it took on far more utilization of fertilizer and less organic fertilizer. It not only wasted the agricultural resources but also brought fourth a great harm when it back to the environment. In shortly, as the crop yield increased that the cost of agricultural resources also raised. At the same time, agricultural structure high consumption of inefficiency and operation models, planting models extensive disorder or other, regional development very balanced. Consequently, farmers growing grain has dropped dramatically. But resource-saving farming system with lower cost and higher efficiency, and fine management features; it could well solve these production practical problems.(2) Resource-saving agricultural development in Southwestern China has great potential on arable land-saving, water-saving and fertilizer-saving. Based on the goal of resource-saving, there are some approaches need to be practiced. In order to save the arable land, the farmer should enhance the arable land crop index and unit of cultivated land value, transform the real estate field. and revitalize the curable land resources. While in fertilizer-saving, they should make full use of existing water resources, enhance the efficiency and irrigation field production efficiency, and perfect moisture distribution system is an irrigation ditch. Besides, in the aim of fertilizer-saving, they could improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the average consumption of fertilizer on per unit arable land, raise the consumption of organic fertilizer, and make it be full used.(3) The reasonable approaches to the arable land-saving as follows:enhancing the arable land crop index, ascending grain yield per hectare, improving the middle-and-low-yielding fields, ascending land quality, and other methods. Mainly including land restoration projects, agricultural planting in the sands land and the dry-hot valley, reclamation abandoned mines, and the development of three-dimensional agriculture technology to realize the purpose of section. At present, the main models for the development of land-saving pattern are DongXianTian utilization model, upland with zoning crop rotation and multiple cropping systems, and three-ripe and planting or three-ripe and four-planting model, and rice paddies for new-three-ripe model, etc.(4) The reasonable approaches to the fertilizer-saving as follows:Firstly, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer. In the fertilizer severe excessive area, reduce the planting area of chemical fertilizer that could meet the crop demand in the basis of every hectare of crops. Secondly, improve the fertilizer utilization ratio. Thirdly, expand the source and increase the using of organic fertilizer. Besides, implement organic and inorganic worthy efforts. Finally, there is also other ways to get the aim of arable land-saving. Including using biological ladder measures to develop the winter of green manure production, the combination of utilizing land while maintaining, proper crop rotation, and fertilize the soil fertility, etc. It has to improve the land quality and achieve the purpose of section fertilizer efficiency. The applicable section fat pattern mainly is the grass field rotation model, straw counters-field model, "wheat/com/soybean" model and upland four-ripe-planting model, and so on.(5) The reasonable approaches to the water-saving as follows:opening up the source and regulating the flow, make sure full using the water resources, and improving water production efficiency. It could through other ways to save the water resources, such as mainly water-saving irrigation technologies and the canal seepage control technology. At present, the main models which had set for water-saving are rainwater harvesting agriculture model, conversation tillage model, corn cropping system with rainwater-collecting cultivation and water-saving membrane side slope model, slop dry arable land with rainwater-collecting and water-saving irrigation drought-resistant model, and rice collecting water-saving comprehensive higher coated model, etc.(6) Because of the agricultural production conditions is complicated in Southwestern China, and regional development is not balanced, its agricultural development should be based on the regional characteristics and adjust measures to local conditions. Each resource-saving farming areas of different development pattern mainly include:â‘ In the plain region, various resources saving models should be given priority to adjust agricultural structure and improve the agricultural production environment. It must to change the "taken resources for production" to "taken funds for production". So it should develop "rice-potatoes/rape" model, "wheat/com/soybean/potato" model, DongXianTian utilization model, rice paddies new-three-practice model, potato interpolating corn of two sets of 2 (three sets of three, four sets of four) model, and protective cultivation model, etc.â‘¡In the hilly area, a variety of resources should be comprehensive management measures primarily, increase the agricultural input, improve the agricultural production environment. It must to change the"taken resources for production" to "taken technologies for production". And it should develop "corn-potatoes-wheat" model, "wheat/corn/soybean (sweet potato)" model, three-ripe and planting or three-ripe and four-planting model, and upland zoning crop rotation and multiple cropping systems, etc.â‘¢In the mountainous area, it should give priority to ecological protection and show mountainous characteristics, take multiple operating characteristics. It must to turn "taken resources for production" to "taken harmonious for production". And it should develop stereo ecological planting model, slop dry arable land with rainwater-collecting and water-saving irrigation drought-resistant model, etc.