Cognition Differentiation Of Grassland Function And Management Pattern From The Various Social Groups

Grassland is the material basis of raising livestock and important guarantee of ecological safety. At present, the problem of basic information distortion is obvious in the grassland management of China. Refining cognition of grassland function and management mode from different social groups benefit better grassland management because finding out about the willingness of actual grassland managers and introducing new grassland management concept and mode will have a profound effect on decision of grassland utilization strategy. Questionnaires were used to determine the cognitive status of different people on grassland function and management pattern from the aspects of gender, religion, education, occupation, residential area, income and national in Gannan region. The main conclusions were drawn as following.Firstly, the cognition of different social groups on importance of grassland was different. Women paid more attention to the grassland than men; the Taoism believers paid a highest attention to grassland, while the Christian believers showed the lowest attention; Education degree of people was proportional to its attention on grassland; farmer groups paid the lowest attention; urban population paid a highest attention to grassland, while the agricultural residents showed the lowest attention; the attention of social groups on grassland increased as their incomes rised, while falling down as it reached a certain height; Han nationality paid the highest attention to grassland.Secondly, the cognition of different social groups on the consistency between grassland production and ecological functions showed the big diffrence. Women had a higher approbation degree on grassland function consistency than men; the nullifidian had the highest approbation degree; Education degree of people is proportional to its approbation degree on grassland function consistency; All occupational group showed a lower approbation degree; urban population showed a highest approbation degree to grassland function consistency, while the agricultural residents showed the lowest approbation degree; Higher income groups had a higher approbation degree on grassland function consistency than High-income earners and low-income population; Mongolian populations showed the highest approbation degree. Thirdly, the cognition of different social groups on anti-grazing project was different. There were no obvious difference of attention between different gender groups on re-grass some; Religious believers had a higher attention than the nullifidian; people's attention on grazing forbidden project increased as their education degree rised; State officials paid a highest attention to re-grass some, while the herdsmen and farmers showed the lowest attention; Cities and urban residents paid more attention on re-grass some than herding area residents; The middle and high-income group showed more attention on grazing forbidden project than any other income group; Han, Hui and Tibetan groups paid more attention on re-grass some than other nationalities and Mongolian group.Fourthly, the cognition of different social groups on grassland degradation was different. More men holding the idea that natural factor is the main threats of grassland sustained utilization than women; more religious believers selected natural factor than the nullifidian; Graduate group has the highest percentage to select natural factor; All social groups holding the idea that collecting grass in disorder is the main human factor of grassland degradation.Fifthly, the cognition of different social groups on grassland family contract system showed difference in the following aspects. Women had a higher understanding degree on grassland management pattern than men; Buddhist believer is the most knowledgeable group about grassland family contract system, while the Christian believers is the most unfamiliar group; Education degree of people is proportional to its understanding degree on grassland management pattern; Parish residents is the most knowledgeable group about grassland family contract system; Income factors had no significant influence on people's awareness of the grassland family contracting system; Tibetan groups knew best about grassland family contract system.Sixthly, the cognition of different social groups on satisfaction of current life under present grassland management was different. Women's degree of satisfaction is lower than men; the Taoism believers were most satisfactory with current life under present grassland management, while the Christian believers showed the lowest satisfaction; the graduate group were most satisfactory with current life under present grassland management, while the primary education group showed the lowest satisfaction; the military groups were most satisfactory with current life under present grassland management, while the boffin group showed the lowest satisfaction; the urban population were most satisfactory with current life under present grassland management, while the parish residents showed the lowest satisfaction; Han groups showed the highest satisfaction.Seventhly, the cognition of different social groups on the necessity of reforming grassland family contract system was different. More women agreed to reform the present management pattern of grassland than men; Most Buddhist believers agreed to reform the present management pattern of grassland; Education degree of people is proportional to its willingness to change grassland management pattern; there is no significant difference between different professional groups of there willingness to change grassland management pattern; Urban residents showed the strongest willingness to change grassland management pattern, while the townsfolk showed the weakest willingness; Family income between 8001 and 9000 yuan showed the strongest willingness to change grassland management pattern; Most Tibetan groups agreed to reform the present management pattern of grassland.Eighthly, the cognition of different social groups on the reasons of reforming grassland management pattern was different. By and large, reforming present grassland management pattern was encouraged by increasing income for all social groups.This study suggested that various social groups not only shared in a common for cognition of grassland function and management pattern, but also showed a difference. The paper pointed out that introducing the ecofeminism into grassland management from the management ideas suspect and the theory of classification for grassland resource management from the management pattern suspect benefited the sustainable development of grassland.