| In order to explore spatial distribution and migration patterns of wild boars and the relationship of benefit and conflict between the residents of Nature Reserve and wild boars, the habitat quality of the wild boar was investigated by transect and plot surveys in the Fenghuangshan Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province from August 2009 to October 2010. Questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation was used to survey the condition of farm land damaged by wild boars and the tolerance and recognition of wild boars by residents lived in or nearby the Nature Reserve, and analyze influencing factors for Nature Reserve and the near area residents based on the tolerance and recognition. Meanwhile, the wild boar preference degree to the 15 habitat factors was analyzed and evaluated with Vanderloeg & Scavia selection coefficient (Wi) and selection index (Ei), and the differences between samples selected by wild boar and those not selected by wild boar was compared by Mann-Whitey U test. Finally, the acceptance to wild boars by residents under different influencing factors was compared using Mann-Whitey U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test methods. The results were summed up as follow:(1) Wild boars showed some degree of preference choice to each category of habitat factors. They prefered to choose broad-leaved mixed forest with relatively abundant food (Ei=0.239) and mixed coniferous (Ei=0.123), and normally choose habitat of half shady and light slope (Ei=0.217), downward slope position (Ei=0.133), gentle slope (Ei=0.323), moderate disturbance (Ei=0.164), high-level hiddenness (Ei=0.316), moderate canopy density (Ei=0.174), low height arbor (Ei=0.144), high covering herb (Ei=0.217), food abundant (Ei=0.191); to avoid habitat with steep slope, shady slope, low covering degree and severe disturbance.(2) Four among the 13 given factors, such as food richness, level of concealment, slope gradient and slope position were decisive to selection of habitats for the wild boar. In addition, the difference between samples selected and those avoided by the wild boar is significant (P<0.05) by Mann-Whitey U test.(3) With regards to the recognition to wild boars in and around nature reserve,57.75% of the interviewees believed the number of wild boars was increasing in the last ten years, which was corresponding to the view of increasing trend of farm damage believed by 57.75% of the interviewees, but there are also 25.35% of the interviewees believed the number of wild boars was decreasing; 83.10% of the interviewees thought that the reason of farm damaged by wild boars was the lack of food in nature; 97.18% of the interviewees believed that farm damage occurs at the night of autumn when the crop were ripening; 84.51% of the interviewees hoped that the government could give some economic compensation when wild boars damaged the farm, and residents who hoped to remove from present living place only account for 14.08% of the interviewees.(4) The analysis result of residents'tolerance towards wild boars in and around nature reserve showed:66.19% of the interviewees hoped to exterminate or decrease the population of wild boars; 63.38% of the interviewees agreed or totally agreed with protection policy; after the event of farm damage,46.48% of the interviewees agreed or totally agreed to capture and kill wild boars,26.76% of the interviewees kept neutral attitude; while meeting wild boars outside the village,66.20% of the interviewees disagreed or totally disagreed to capture and kill wild boars; while meeting wild boars in mountains fields,65.59% of the interviewees disagreed or totally disagreed to capture and kill wild boars.(5) The proportion of farmland income, educational level, farmland area per capita and destroyed farmland area played important roles in influencing residents' tolerance towards wild boars.
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