Spatial Distribution Of Human-wildlife Conflict Based On MaxEnt Model

The human-wildlife conflict has great impacts on the forestry,agriculture,and nature conservation in the world,and many researches in relation to it are been conducted in the world.We selected The conflict between human and wild boar,one type of these conflicts being rather popular currently,as our study object,and then conducted surveys in Jiangxi Province.Questionnaire surveys were carried out in 100 counties,cities,or districts in this province from January to March in 2016,and field surveys were conducted in 34 villages of 7 counties on May 2016.As a result,we obtained 222 and 32 conflict points in these two surveys,respectively.We employed 3S technology,MaxEnt niche model and SPSS to analyze the spatial distribution of human-wild boar conflict in this province,and then we also assessed the risk of human-wild boar conflict inside and outside the nature reserves.Our aims are to provide a reference for nature reserves and wild animal management department so that effective mitigation can be mapped out in conflict between human and wild boar,and also provide a new way to ease the human-wildlife conflict.The main results are as follows:1.The human-wild boar conflict in Jiangxi Province was mainly included the destruction of farmland,bamboo shoots and nursery orchards,and the annual peak of conflict occurred in August and September.The high risk of human-wild boar conflict distributed in the north,east-central,and west-central part of Jiangxi Province with an area of 107.15x 104 hm2,and it accounted for 6.42%of the territory of this province.The residents living in the sites closer to forest edge and county boundary were under the highest risk of the damage from wild boar.The areas with middle risks were 161.15 x 104 hm2 and the low risks were 1400.62x 104 hm2,accounted for 9.66%and 83.92%of the territory of this province,respectively.Moreover,there was 1 county(city,district)with a proportion of conflict area more than 30%,21 counties(cities,districts)between 20-30%,63 counties(cities,districts)between 10-20%and 15 counties(cities,districts)with a proportion of conflict area below 10%.Based on the Jackknife test,the dominant factors of the distribution of this conflict were the distances to forest and farmland.The longer of the distance,the lower of the risk index.In particular,most of the conflicts appeared at sites with an elevation of<500 m,and this index decreased when the elevation increased gradually.The maximum risk index occurred at sites with the slope between 5 and 15 degrees.2.The human-wild boar conflict was not prominent in the national and provincial nature reserve of Jiangxi Province,whereas the area outside the Reserve faced higher risk.In these national nature reserves,the highest proportion of the risk was the Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve,and its area of high risk was 11.46%,while the lowest proportion of the risk was Guanshan National Nature Reserve(0.42%).The highest proportion of the risk among provincial nature reserves was Nancheng Furong Mountain Nature Reserve(10.30%),and Shuijiang Nature Reserve with 0.64%was the lowest.3.To the functional areas,the conflict risk was ranked as the core zone<buffer zone<experimentation zone.The experimentation zone in the national nature reserves faced higher human-boar conflict risk than the other zone in these reserves.The risk of human-wild boar in the buffer zone in the provincial nature reserve was significantly higher than that in national nature reserve.There is a significant correlation between the number of population in reserve and the propotion of the area of human-wild boar conflict in experimentation zone and buffer zone,and the proportion of the area increased as the number of population.increased.The risk of human-wild boar conflict is independent of the size of the protected area.Compared to the national nature reserves,some measures should be taken to improve the management of provincial nature reserves in Jiangxi Province.