Agroforestry System And Plan In Sandstone Areas Of Zhungeer, Inner Mongolia

The paper takes zhungeer as a compound system of nature-society-economy.1. Firstly, condition of nature, society, and economy and soil utilization is researched. Then, zhungeer is divided into three regions according to difference of earth surface and erosion characteristics, that is, sandstone areas, windy desert areas and alluvial plain along the Yellow River. And the result according to study is that existing soil utilization system and agriculture development methods of zhungeer can't furthest meet living need of local people, and resource of soil and labor force couldn't be effectively used. Therefore, soil utilization system in zhungeer should be adjusted for agriculture, forestry and stockbreeding continual developing.Secondly, ecological, economic and social benefits of artificial Hippophase forest in sandstone areas of zhungeer are evaluated, the result is that the agroforestry in sandstone areas built rationally according to principle of matching tree species with site, have the excellent characteristics of quick close and growth and high yield, can raise vegetation cover and biology diversity, can improve soil, conserve water, reduce sand and avoid water and soil losses. It also can obviously increase economic benefit of farmers, improve live condition, and adjust soil utilization system for soil and labor force rational availing. Therefore, combining theory of principle and purpose of agroforestry system with experience and question in the past vegetation construction, hippophase is regarded the main shrub species for water and soil conservation in sandstone areas, and should be formed agroforestry system with arbor and herbage, for example, Pinus tabulaeformis, populus, Caragana intermidia, Prunns mandshurica, Medicago sativa and Melilotussuaveolens.Finally, site location condition of three regions is respectively evaluated, and suitable species are selected to design landscape, plant community and suitable agroforestry. The benefit of applied and new agroforestry system is evaluated, and the better ones are selected to apply on a large scale.2. The plan results can be summarized as follows:(1) Sandstone areasBecause the characteristics of frequent drought, much ravine, lean soil and strong water and soil losses in sandstone areas, water and soil conservation forests should be strictly developed in future.Suitable types of agroforestry system:①Pinus tabulaeformis — Hippophase; ②Caragana intermidia — Hippophase — Herbage; ③Hippophase — Herbage; ④Pinus tabulaeformis — Prunns mandshurica; ⑤Caragana intermidia — Medicago sativa; ⑥Pinus tabulaeformis — Hippophase; ⑦)Pinus tabulaeformis — Caragana intermidia; ⑧Melilotus suaveolens —Hippophase— Herbage.Moreover, combining project for water and soil conservation with compound planting, basic farmland should be constructed seriously in river platform, slope and dike.(2) Windy desert areasThe area have characteristic of drought, little rainfall, strong wind, sandy soil and low vegetation cover. So, wind-breaking and sand-fixing forest should be strictly developed in future. The types of agroforestry system are Caragana intermidia — Hippophase — Herbage and Salix cheilophila Schneid — Hedysarum laeve Maxim — Herbage.(3) Alluvial plain along the Yellow RiverThe area earth surface is the first and second terrace. Because advantaged condition of fertile soil and rich water resource, planting industry and stockbreeding should be strictly developed in the area.The measure of planting industry development is that change conventional planting methods and combine agriculture with animal husbandry. The main methods are: ①Winter Wheat — Silage Corn; ②Spring Wheat — Silage Corn; ③Winter (Spring) Wheat/Corn || Feed Beet; ④ Rye 70-Rice; ⑤Winter Wheat/Corn || Carrot; ⑥Winter Wheat — Vegetable(such as Tomato and Cucumber).Besides above methods, cornstalks process industry should be developed for benign circulation of stockbreeding.3. Landscape ecology theories such as patch, corridor and matrix are used to plan agroforestry system in the paper, which have more application zones and direct purpose comparing to conventional agroforestry measure. GPS as a new mean is used to point study areas, and AutoCAD and Photoshop is used to plan. The agroforestry system types built in the paper can be applied in Shanxi and Shanxi province and Inner Mongolia and other similar areas, and can full theory and practice study of agroforestry system. However, the theory of structure assignment principle and regulation technology of agroforestry should be further studied in future.