| Ginger is one of the main export vegetables in our country. Because of its long growth time and high yield, so people use chemical fertilizers to keep the yield. But the use of much fertilizer results in decreasing of quality and a series of serious entironment problems. Altough, the traditional manure could solve these problems also exist the limits of fertilizer efficiency. So, this paper used'Laiwu big ginger'for experimental material, studied the relation between bio-organic manure and yield, quality, physiological characteristics growth and development, discussed the effect of bio-orgsnic manure on main soil enzyme activity and microorganism amount. Three treatments were applied: CK (standard fertilizer application, N 900kg/hm2, P2O5 375kg/hm2, K2O 1500kg/hm2), T1 (the mixture of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with the same content of N, P and K as CK), T2 (the mixture of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with the same content of N, P and K as CK). The main results were as follows:1. Bio-organic manure had an obvious effect on the ginger's growth. T1's stem width and branches were higher than CK, T2 by 13.6%, 6.77% and 18.6%, 8.9%. Among the treatments, T1's change was the most remarkable in the aspect of, fresh weight of root, stem, leaf and rhizome. For example, T1's rhizome weight was higher than CK, T2 by 28.11%,13.20% respectively in 25th Oct.2. The mixed application of bio-organic manure and chemical fertilizer could improve the ginger leaf pigments contents and photosynthetic rate, and significant differences were showed especially in the vigorous growth stage in each treatment. For instance, the ginger's chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of bio-organic manure treatment were higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment by 13.11% and 17.83% respectively in September 22. Bio-organic manure could also improve apparent quantum yield (AQY), carboxylation efficiency (CE), light saturation point for photosynthetic rate (Pmax), maximum RuBP regeneration rate (Jmax), and AQY, CE, Pmax, Jmax were higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment by 28.57%, 17.95%, 36.72%, 18.65% respectively. The intrinsic photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of PSⅡ(φPSⅡ) , photochemical quenching (qP) of bio-organic manure treatment ginger leaf were higher and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was lower than other treatments, though all treatments'photochemical efficiency reduced under high temperature and strong light at noon.3. Bio-organic manure could significantly enhance the fastness of ginger. The mixed application of manure and fertilizer (T1 and T2) could reduce ginger's electrolytic leakage, mlondiadehyde content and enhance enzyme activity. For example, electrolytic leakage and mlondiadehyde content of CK, T2 were higher than T1 by 20.09%, 11.19% and 2.12%, 7.04% separately.The activity of SOD, POD CAT of T1 were higher than CK by 28.87%, 23.66%, 17.84% respectively on 25th Oct.4. Bio-organic manure had a significant effect on the yield and quality of ginger. The mixture of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could promote the growth and yield of ginger and improve quality significantly, especially increasing the content of volatized oil and reducing the content of nitrate in rhizome. The content of volatized oil of T1 was higher than CK, T2 by 25%, 6.67% respectively and the content of nitrate in rhizome of T1 was lower than CK, T2 by 24.23%, 14.16% respectively. The yield of T1 and T2 were 65977.5 and 60192 kg/hm2 respectively, compared with that of CK 53442kg/hm2, the increasing rates were23.46% and 12.63% respectively.5. The application of bio-organic manure (T1) could significantly enhance soil enzyme activity and increase organic matter content and microorganism amount. For example, the activity of soil CAT, urease and sucrase of T1 was higher than CK by 7.03%, 22.65%, 24.42% respectively on 9th Sept. The microorganism amount of T1 was higher than CK, T2 by 5.51, 3.12 times respectively on 13th Sept.
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