| Castanopsis Kawakamii Hayata is a proper precious and endangered plant on the southern boundary of the mid-subtropical region in China. The scope of its natural distribution is limited, which is about 700 hm~2 in Natural Reserve of Fujian Sanming is rare at home and abroad, what has given rise to many scholars' attention. The population of Castanopsis Kawakamii Hayata reduces rapidly, its urgent matter for the protected C.kawakamii population is to reveal many causes of C.kawakamii population endangered. This paper makes an attempt to solve conflict between tour exploitation and protection using landscape ecology. It is not doubt of great significance of theories and practice for the research that can provide some scientific theory references for inquiring into causes of the endangered C.kawakamii population, protecting and enlarging the germ plasm resources of C.kawakamii, sustainable exploitation and utilization for us.The main results are as follows:(1) Based on characterization and quantification (characteristic value method ), tourist resources are evaluated. All levels tourist resources arrange relatively reasonable, which mainly focus on second level resources. Fourth level resources occupy least proportion. The quantity of first level resources must be increased based on third and fourth resources has been improved.(2) Based on the forestry basic map of Castanopsis kawakamii nature reserve, using the geography information system program arcview and the landscape analysis program fragstats, we analyze the spatial pattern and evaluated the degree of fragmentation primarily from the overall landscape properties, the area properties, the perimeter properties, the numbers of patches of landscape elements. The results show that the other hard broadleaves forest, Form.Pinus massoniana and Castanopsis kawakamii are integrated, the dry land is highly fragmentized. General speaking, the degree of landscape fragmentation in the Castanopsis kawakamii nature reserve is low, the landscape is basically integrity.(3) The development and the future tendency of landscape patterns are simulated and forested with Markov process. The trend of landscape after 1997 is: (1)The area of Castanopsis kawakamii forest, the other hard broadleaves forest, road and farm are reducing; (2)The area of Form.Pinus massoniana, Form.Cunninghamia landceolata, Form.PhyIlostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens, dry land and water reservior are increasing; (3)The area of economic forest is reducing after increasing.(4) Based on the GIS techniques and fractal methods, the fractal quality and landscape character are analyzed. The results confirm that: 1) The forest landscape type distributed complication; 2) The fractal dimension of Castanopsis kawakamii forest increased; 3) The 74th compartment is furthest steady, it received the disturbance is smallest; 4) In the whole, the degree of landscape fragmentation in the Castanopsis kawakamii nature reserve is intensifying.(5) Based on GIS, the disciplinarian between the main vegetation and landform gene is discussed. The research result shows that Castanopsis kawakamii forest mostly distributes in sunny slope, semi-sunny slope and ramp slope areas that between 200m-400m. Pinus massoniana forest mostly distributes in sunny slope, semi-sunny slope and ramp slope areas that between 300m-500m. Form. Cunninghamia landceolata mostly distributes in ramp slope and steep slope areas that between 200m-300m. Phyllostachys pubescens stands mostly distributed in sunny slope, semi-sunny slope and ramp slope areas that between 200m-300m. Economic forest mostly distributes in mild slope areas that between 200m-300m, there is no obvious disciplinarian in exposure. Man-made forest is kin to Economic forest. The other hard broadleaves forest mostly distributes in ramp slope areas that between 200m-500m, there is also no obvious disciplinarian in exposure.(6) Based on the analysis of landscape pattern and technique of GIS, the comprehensive evaluation of multi factors to evaluate the ecology suitability for the Castanopsis kawakamii nature reserve. According to the score of ecology suitability, from high score to low, the corresponding land is classified into five grades: the suitablest land, the suitabler land, the relatively suitable land, the unsuitable land, the unsuitablest land. Accordingly the area ration of each type in the total areais1.61%, 6.97%, 27.36%, 41.96% and 22.1%.(7) The least-cost distance model based on landscape ecology security, nature reserve design and minimum cumulative resistance is put forward to divide ecological security pattern for the Castanopsis kawakamii nature reserve.(8) Based on the time spent by young tourists and by means of line-way method, environment and tourist carrying capacities are assessed respectively. The daily scenic environment carrying capacity of the park is 3692 persons/time and the yearly 771997 persons/time, while the diurnal and annual tourist carrying capacities are 1356 persons and 283539 persons respectively. The optimum carrying.capacity is 1632 persons using marginal satisfaction function.(9) The planning program is put forward after synthetically analyzed. The ecotourism management advices are educed from resources and tourists. |
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