| The paper is based on the Tianshan Mountains Xinjiang Ecosystem Research Rtation of the State Forestry Administration. With the methode of position research, by the movement routes of rainfall, interception and runoff at the Tianshan Mountains, according to Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica Ecosystem's function in delivering and converting water, the paper studied the laws of regulation and conservation to the rainfall by Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica forest ecosystem.1.Based on the analysis of data, using theories and methods of mathematical statistics, The interception model of canopy of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica is established as follows: the regression model on the relationship between penetration rainfall (T) inside forest and total rainfall (P) outside of forest: T = 0.9273P–1.3612,R2 = 0.997; the model on the relationship between interception (I) and rainfall: I = 0.069P+1.399, R2 = 0.899. The results show that penetration rainfall inside forest increases with total rainfall outside of forest in non-linearity, the correlations of the interception rate to rainfall and intensity of rainfall are significant and the intercepted rate by canopy of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica is diminished with the increase of rainfall.2.By detection and analysis on litter accumulation, water-holding capacity of the litter, the result shows that the water-holding capacity of Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica is 15.4 times of grassland outside of forest.3.By the study of soil in physical feature, penetrational capacity , water-holding capacity, dynamic change of water between inside and outside of forest, the result shows that the structure and hydrological function of soil inside of forest is better than the outside.4.By the study of flow production and sediment production between inside and outside of forest, The results showed that, Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica is better than grassland in the function to reduce the amounts of flow production and sediment production.
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