The Genetic Base And Diversity Of Soybean Cultivars' Elite Germplasm From Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan And Anhui

China is the homeland of soybean, up to now already some about 5000cultivation history. The earliest scientific breeding program was started in China in1923, the Gonzhuling Agricultural Experimental Station in Jilin Province andUniversity of Nanjing released cultivars Huangbaozhu and Jinda 332. Total 1,300cultivars were released in China.during 1923 to 2005, There are three major soybeangrowing area, In this study, 15 elite germplasms from Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei,Hunan and Anhui provinces are used to analyze pedigree and nuclear andcytoplasmic contributions to their derivatives. 204 cultivars are used for agronomictraits and cluster analysis, 107 cultivars for SSR Markers and cluster analysis, whichrevealed the genetic basis and the genetic contributions of elite germplasms in theSouthern soybean growing area and evaluate genetic diversity of derivatives of elitegermplasms respectively. The main results were as follows:15 elite germplasms from Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provincesprovided the nuclear genetic contributions to whole country, Southern,Huang-Huai-Hai valley and Northeast in China values up to 81.66 or 6.28ï¼…, 58.75 or26.35ï¼…, 22.42, or 5.66ï¼…and 0.58 or 0.58, respectively; while cytoplasmic geneticcontributions is 107 or 8.23ï¼…, 83 or 37.22ï¼…, 24, or 6.06ï¼…and 0 or 0, respectively.There was no cytoplasmic genetic contribution to Northeast China soybean area. Theone's nuclear and cytoplasmic contributions to Southern China were more thanHuang-Huai-Hai valley China.There existed highly differentiation of morphological and biological trait in 204released cultivars by 15 elite germplasms from Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan andAnhui, the result of agronomic traits genetic diversity show the qualitive characterdivision, leaf shape's genetic variation is the most complex, the smallest of thecotyledon color; The biggest coefficient of quantitive character is high, what issmallest is the protein content. Simpson index ranged from 0.057 to 0.851, average of0.599. Shannon index ranged from 0.191 to 2.95.Cluster analysis of agronomic traits showed that 204 cultivars be clustered intotwo group at the point of GD=14.025 (Euclidean distance), Groupâ… contained 185varieties, Groupâ…¡were 19 varieties. Each group can also be grouped into twosub-group at the point of GD=13.00 (Euclidean distance), sub-group contained 84, 101, 9 and 10 cultivars, respectively.Total 107 cultivars by 86 pairs of SSR primers marker analysis show that therericher in genetic diversity than morphological and biological traits, one's Simpsonindex ranged from 0.681 to 0.921, average of 0.83. Shannon index ranged from 1.808to 3.85, average of 2.915.Cluster analysis of SSR molecular date cluster analysis show that total 107cultivars were clustered into two group at the similarity coefficient distance of 0.14,groupâ… contained 7 varieties, groupâ…¡100 varieties. In the similarity coefficientdistance of 0.13, groupâ…¡can also be grouped into two sub-group, 91 and 9,respectively. It is the same of agronomic traits clusting.