| Mugua is the dried fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (Rosaceae). As a common used traditional chinese medicine, it can be used for the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis as well as widespread foods. To reveal the material basis and take full use of this resource, a systematic phytochemical investigation was embarked, and fifteen compounds were obtained (the reduplicate compounds and fatty acids were not accounted). The elucidated structures covered phenolics, flavone, norsesquiterpenoids and their glycosides, triterpenoids and their peroxide etc.. They were identified as:hydroquinone(2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(4), quercetin(5), oleanolic acid(7), methyl 3-hydroxylbutanedioic ester(8), 3-O-acetyl ursolic acid(9), roseoside(13), 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-28,13-olide(17), 3β-acetoxy-11α-hydroperoxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid(18), ursolic acid(19), masilinic acid(20), daucosterol(21), tormentic acid(22), vomifoliol(23), (6S,7E,9R)-6,9-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 9-O-[β-D-glucopyranoside-(6→1)-β- D- xylose] (27). Compound 18 was a novel triterpene acid. Compounds 13, 17, 23, 27 were first isolated from C. speciosa.As the main components of C. speciosa,triterpenoids are well known for their significant bioactivities. An in vitro anti-proliferation assay of the triterpenoids and norsesquiterpenoids isolated against T- and B-lymphocytes was conducted. Unfortunately, all the isolates showed no inhibitory effect.
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