Study On Regular Pattern Of Early-maturing Heredity Of Luffa

Recently, need for new luffa cultivars has been increasing gradually with cultivationarea of luffa increasing year by year. Yet the breeding of luffa had began relatively late, hadfew study on breeding basic theory and heterosis and genetic effect and correlation analysisof main economic traits. The aim of this experiment is to show heterosis and genetic effectof main economic traits, and find correlative traits with yield and earliness and importanceof every correlative traits, thereby afford theoretical guide to luffa breeding.This experiment used diallel cross design on six parents selected from luffa(L.cylindrica Roem.) population at random and got deferent hybrids. By investigation andstatistics in field and measure and analysis in room on major economic traits, the results areas follows.1. When there is something wrong on self pollination in the production of Luffacylindrica (L.) Roem., usingthe pollen of other varieties to do pollination can increase theratio of fruiting. But is there some effect of exotic pollen on the growth of fruit, and shall itaffect the appearance, the time of come into the market and the weight of the mature fruit,that's just the direction of this research.2. F₁ hybrids of luffa have obvious heterosis. Heterosis of the early yield, the earlyplant height,the node length,the total yield,the single fruit weight,the first node of femaleflower and the rate of fruit development were relatively high. The percent of crosscombinations with positive heterosis over mid-parents of total yield was 86.7 %,over betterparent was 66.7%.3. The study of genetic effect showed that inheritance of the first node of femaleflower,the early leave number,the node length,the rate of fruit length development,thesingle fruit weight,the fruit length,the fruit diameter and the fruit shape index werecontrolled by additive and dominant effect together. The inheritance of the early plant height,the early yield and whole yield were controlled by dominant effect, andenvironment effect of later two were also significant. The fruits number,the rate of fruitdiameter developmentand the female flowers number were controlled by additive effect,and the fruits number,the early yield and the female flowers number were also affected byenvironment significantly. The heritability of the fruit shape index,the fruit length and thefruit diameter were the greatest among all traits, the broad-sense heritability of the earlyyield and the content of soluble protein were the lowest; the narrow-sense heritability oftotal yield,the early plant height and the early yield were the lowest.4. The results of correlation analysis showed that very significant positive correlationwere found between the early yield,the single fruit weight,the fruits number and total yield.The multiple regression analysis showed the fruits number and the single fruit weight werethe key component traits of total yield. Therefore, these two traits could be taken as mainselection traits for high yield. The very significant positive correlation were found betweenthe early yield and the female flowers number and the early plant height, significantpositive correlation were found between the early yield and the early leave number, verysignificant negative correlation were found between the early yield and the first node offemale flower. These results indicated the female flowers number,the first node of femaleflower,the early plant height and the early leave number were main traits which affectedthe earliness.5. The inheritance of fruit length and handle length are both controlled by majoradditive genes and additive-dominant polygene together. All gene effects of fruit length arepositive, the main gene effects of nodal length are negative additive effect.