| The polymorphisms of Exon 4 and 5'flanking region ofβ-Lg gene in the 5 bovinae populations, which are consisted of Holsteins, LuXi cattle, BoHai Black cattle, MinNan cattle and Yak, were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and PAGE techniques in all of 737 cattles. The differentiation of the gene among the 5 populations was analyzed. The relationships between polymorphisms of 2 loci and milk yield were analyzed. The results were as follows:1 The allele A and B gene frequencies of gene of Chinese Holsteins, LuXi cattle, MinNan cattle, BoHai Black cattle and Yak were 0.4125/0.5875, 0.1419/0.8581, 0.0333/0.9667 and 0.1857/0.8143, respectively, which indicated B allele was advantage gene in 4 populations, and BB gene type was advantage gene type in the population of LuXi, BoHai Black and MinNan cattle, while AB gene type was advantage gene type of Holsteins. The allele B and E gene frequencies ofβ-lacto globulin gene in Yak were 0.0732/0.9269, E allele was advantage gene, EE gene type was advantage gene type, no other allele were detected. Two loci in all of the populations researched were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for MinNan cattle.The heterozygosity (H), heterozygosity(He) ,effective number of alleles(Ne), and polymorphism information content(PIC) ofβ-lacto globulin loci were 0.4847/0.2435/0.0644/0.3024/0.1356,0.4852/0.2545/0.0650/0.3069/0.1373,1.9045/1.3219/1.0689/1.4336/1.1596, 0.3672/0.2139/0.0624/0.2567/0.1264 in 5 populations of Holsteins, LuXi cattle, MinNan cattle, BoHai Black cattle and Yak., respectively. The genetic polymorphism of Holsteins and BoHai Black cattle were moderate polymorphism, while low polymorphism in three others.2 Gene frequencies of allele A and B inβ-lactoglobulin gene 5′flanking region among Holsteins, LuXi cattle, MinNan cattle and BoHai Black cattle were 0.7150/0.2850, 0.7286/0.2714, 0.7328/0.2672 and 0.8637/0.1364, respectively, which indicated A allele and AA genetype were advantage gene and advantage gene type, while AB gene type was advantage gene type of Holsteins. The allele B and E gene frequencies ofβ-lactoglobulin gene of Yak were 0.0732/0.9269, E allele was advantage gene, BB gene type was advantage gene type, and no other allele was detected. Loci in all of the populations researched were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for MinNan cattle.The heterozygosity (H), heterozygosity(He) , effective number of alleles(Ne), and polymorphism information content(PIC) ofβ-lactoglobulin 5′flanking region were 0.4076/0.6045/0.6084/0.6083,0.5924/0.3955/0.3916/0.3917,1.6880/1.6543/1.6438/1.3081, 0.3245/0.3173/0.3150/0.2078 in 4 populations of Holsteins, LuXi cattle, MinNan cattle and BoHai Black cattle, respectively. The genetic polymorphism were moderate polymorphism in Holsteins, LuXi cattle, MinNan cattle, while low polymorphism in BoHai Black cattle.3 Relationship of PCR-RFLP polymorphisms and some milk production traits of Holsteins were analyzed .The effects of genotypes ofβ-Lg andβ-Lg5'loci on milk production traits were not statistically significantly. The effects ofβ-Lg andβ-Lg5'loci on the fat percentage and protein production traits were statistically significantly. Atβ-Lg locus, AA genotype had significantly positive effect on protein percent than that of BB genotype, the 305 days yield of genotype AB were higher than that of BB genotype(P<0.05). Genotype combination patterns ofβ-Lg BB andβ-Lg5'BB had significantly positive effect on fat percentage and protein production traits, various combination patterns had no significant influence on SNF and DEN traits.4 Genetic differentation of LuXi cattle, BoHai Black cattle, MinNan cattle and Holsteins derivered from DA genetic distances using UPGMA method were showed: LuXi cattle and BoHai Black cattle were clustered first, and then clustered were MinNan cattle. Finally were two populations of Holsteins.
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