The Application Of Toshin In Control Of Apple Diseases

The application of a new type bactericide, 10% Toshin aqua in control of apple tree disease was studied in the experiment. The main controlled diseases, concentration, frequency and time of Toshin spray in apple orchards were proposal. The conclusions are as follows:1 To control apple leaf brown spot (Marssmina mali (P.Henn)Ito), Toshin spray should be applied eight times in year round, including three times of 600-fold Toshin solution, two times of bordeaux mixture and once of thiophanate methyl. In the orchard of Sanyuan, the control effect on Marssmina mali leaf spot of apple can be reached 85.31%, while it reached to 83.48% in the orchard of Jingyang county.2 To control apple alternaria leaf spot (Aalternaria mali Roberts), the control effect could be best if 1500-fold polyoxin solution were be used, while 600-fold Toshin solution take the second place in control effect, the difference between two chemicals control effect was not significant. The control effect of both 600 and 800-fold Toshin solution can be reached more than 85% and the difference on control effect was not significant. The cost of Toshin was 5-6 Yuan while the cost of polyoxin was 15-16 Yuan per 666.7 square meters, cost of Toshin was lower than 70% that of polyoxin3 To control apple fruit ring rot (Botrysphaeria ribis (Tode) Grossenb. et Dugg.), antiseptic spray should be applied eight times in year around, including three times of 600-fold Toshin solution, two times of bordeaux mixture and once of thiophanate methyl. The control effect of apple fruit rot can be reached 90.58% in the orchard of Sanyuan, while it was 87.36% in the orchard of Jingyang county.4 The control effect of fruit core rot {(Trichothecium roseum LK. ex Fr.) and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.)} can be more than 85% by using 600 or 800-fold Toshin solution in two experiment orchards of Sanyuan and Jingyang, and the difference was not significant. Spray Toshin around bloom would cost less and fruit would be safer, and control effect would be more significant.5 Analyses from the spray frequency and the cost of Toshin application, control effects of Toshin on apple leaf early drop disease (Marssmina mali and Alternaria mali leaf spot) and apple fruit ring rot (Botrysphaeria ribis) and apple fruit anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata ), and apple core rot could be better. In the area of Shanxi Weibei, it is suitable to apply eight times in year round. If the disease is serious, antiseptic should be applied ten times in year round. The Toshin should be applied generally two times from May to July, some conventional antiseptic, such as carbendazim, thiophanate methyl, bordeaux mixture, Mancozeb, Antibiotic 120 and polyoxin should be sprayed alternatively between two Toshin sprays, the apple leaf early drop disease, apple fruit rot, apple fruit anthracnose and fruit core rot could be controlled very effectively.