| Experiment One Clarias fuscus is a kind of meta-animality bait's polyphagia fish. It can intake compound food when artificial breeding. Using L9(34)orthogonal design, a 56-days Clarias fuscus mesh cage breed aquatics experiment was carried out in pond, which aimed at investigating the effects of accession Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn to its feeds on Clarias fuscus, including the rate of growth, dietary efficiency, body structure and bowels indexs, innate immune ability, pigment of body surface aspects, in addition, discussing the fitting demands and compounding ratio of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn in the Clarias fuscus mash. This study includes the following contents:1,Analysis of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn contents on whole fish, each organa and tissue of Clarias fuscus.Testing Clarias fuscus was chosen to get the samples of flesh, liver, kidney, heart, brain, skin, cranium, vertebra, muscle, stomach and intestinal canal are gained by the routine dissection. Then measure the contents of the samples by the way of atomic absorption spectrophotometer assay. The results indicated that liver and heart were the main storage sites of Cu; Fe was mainly accumulated in the liver, heart, intestinal canal; Heart, vertebra and cranium were the main storage sites of Mn; Zn was mainly accumulated in heart, liver and brain.2,Effects on developing capability of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn supplement quantity on Clarias fuscus.In order to study supplement the best trace element combination of routine diet, we process the experiment part two, using L9(34)orthogonal experiment project. The result showed that the diet containing Cu1Fe3Mn3Zn3 (Cu3.5mg/kg, Fe240mg/kg, Mn50mg/kg, Zn90mg/kg) had the biggest weight gain, and containing Cu3Fe1Mn3Zn2 (Cu9.5mg/kg, Fe80mg/kg, Mn50mg/kg, Zn60mg/kg) had the lowest feed coefficient.3,Relative analysis of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn supplement quantity and the organic corresponding elements of Clarias fuscus.In an attempt to discuss the influence on organic relative analysis of the four corresponding elements, experiment part three was processed. After the supplying Cu,Fe, Mn,Zn to the diets, Cu is mainly saved on liver, Fe on liver and Mn on bones. Zn is very little on musle, but the contents on bone, liver and ovary haven't changed much. The results of relative analysis indicated that, among the organic microelement contents, Cu on feed correlated positively with fish, ovary and liver; Fe on feed correlated positively with fish and muscle; Mn on feed correlated positively liver and skin; Zn on feed correlated positively with skin, fish, muscle, bone and liver.The results of correlations analysis on the proportion of the four elements between organs,tissues and feeds showed that, the proportion of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn in the fish, muscle, bone, gonad, skin and liver etc. organs represented very strong positive correlations with the ratio of the supplement corresponding elements after the accession to diets(R≥0.86).4,Effects on pigment contents on body surface of Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn supplement quantityIn order to study the influence on body color of the four elements, we process the experiment part four. Through determining the contents of carotinoid and lutein xanthin in every experiment's group, we had results that as contents of Cu and Fe increased, the contents of carotinoid in Clarias fuscus'back skin are increased too. However, the two elements Mn and Zn are opposition. As contents of Cu, Fe and Mn increased, the contents of lutein xanthin in Clarias fuscus'back skin are increased too. However, the Zn is opposition. As contents of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn increased, the contents of carotinoid in Clarias fuscus'belly skin are decreased. As contents of Cu increased, the contents of lutein xanthin in Clarias fuscus'belly skin are increased too. However, the increases of Zn, Fe and Mn hadn't marketable influence.Combining growth, physiological function and contents of skin pigments, the fitable recommendable quantity is Cu9.5mg/kg,Fe80mg/kg,Mn50mg/kg,Zn60mg/kg,and the contents of feed is Cu31.00mg/kg,Fe1333.72mg/kg,Mn83.33mg/kg,Zn111.89mg/kg。Experiment Two with comparison between total vegetality feed and the normal feed, a 56-days Clarias fuscus (the trial object) mesh cage breed aquatics experiment was processed in pond, which intended to discuss the possibility of total vegetable protein substitution by comparing the effects on the rate of growth, dietary efficiency, body structure and bowels indexs, innate immune ability, pigment of body surface and the microstructure of skin and livery between the two kinds diets.1,Effects on developing capability of total vegetality feed on Clarias fuscus In order to save the feed cost, by comparing total vegetality feed and the normal feed, part one was designed. The results indicated that the feed quotiety and the feed efficiency have not distinct difference between two groups. The assays about the physiological function show that, the contents of whole blood hemoglobin in two experiment groups showed no distinct difference; the lysozyme in skin and SOD in liver are lower in the total vegetality group than the normal group; the GOT,SOD and lysozyme in serum, the GPT and SOD in liver of the vegetality group were higher than the normal group.2,Effects on body colour of total vegetality feed on Clarias fuscusAiming at discussing the effects on body colour of total vegetality feed on Clarias fuscus, experiment part two was carried out. Through comparing observation of body surface, the skin of Clarias fuscus, which was fed with total vegetality fodder, appeared to be pathological changed, which is called"Shapi"in aquatics.The contents of Tyr enzyme, carotinoid and lutein xanthin in skin of two experiment groups were respectively measured, for comparing the difference of pigments in body surface. The results showed that neither of contents of the Tyr enzyme in two groups were high; Contents of carotinoid and lutein xanthin in the total vegetality group are significantly higher both the back and belly than the control and the normal feed group.3,Comparison of the microstructure of skin and liver between the two groupsIn order to find the reason about the pathological changes after the substitute with total vegetable protein in histology, we process the experiment part three. Comparison of the microstructure of fish body between the two groups was carried out, by making the slice up, with the fish not gained color to be blank control group, to find out the difference of the back, belly, pigment strap, melanocyte, lipocyte, hepatocyte in fish body. The result indicated that both of the two experiment groups had two pigment slices, respectively located in the middle of cuticle and corium & in the middle of corium and subcutaneous layer; the skin delamination of the two groups were consistent; the glandular cell showed a little difference in the two groups; significantly difference appeared as for the pigment slice and melanocyte; the structure of lipocyte and hepatocyte had no distinct difference.It was found that the main reason of"Shapi"was melanocyte cell cann't commonly grow."Shapi"was not noly change of skin pigment but also destroy of physiological function, so we should combine these and slove it.In conclusion, it was infeasible for the substitute with the total vegetality. |
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