| The economic value of African ostrich is so high that many people pay great attentionto productions of African ostrich in our country as a food-saving type animal husbandry.Breeding of African ostrich chicks is the most important for cultivation. Pineal gland, asone of important neuroendocrine glands in organism, is able to recept illumination andsecrete melatonin(Mel). Mel has multiple physiological functions, regulate activities andfunctions of various kinds of tissues and organs by specially binding with melatoninreceptor(MR) in them. So in the present study, 5 male and 5 female African ostrich chickswere regarded as experimental animals, morphologically study on their pineal glands, andstudy on distribution of MR in cerebellum and spleen were stained by immunohistochemical SABC method. The present study includes two parts:1 Morphological study on pineal gland in African ostrich chicksIn order to make clear the structure characteristics of pineal gland in African ostrichchicks, 10 ninety days old African ostrich chicks were obtained in the present study. Afterdeeply anesthetized with 10% urethane(1g/kg body weight), and killed by blood letting,the cranium was opened and the pineal gland was taken out to observe the anatomicstructure. Serial paraffin traverse sections were made. The histologic structure andultrastructure were studied by HE staining, sliver staining and electron microscopetechnique. The results are as follows: pineal gland in African ostrich chick is anindependent organ, inverted cone, located in triangular gap shaped with two cerebralhemispheres and cerebellum, connected with third ventricle by a slender stem, copularpart of pineal gland linked cerebral dura mater. The pineal gland capsule in ostrich chickswas thin and extended into parenchyma to be trabeculaes which divide parenchyma intomany difform foliolum, main component parts of parenchyma were pinealocytes and glialcells, pinealocytes arranged into tubulo-alveolar follicles occasionally. Blood vessels inpineal gland were in abundance. Under transmission electron microscope, pinealocyteshad difference between light and dark, this point was similar to pinealocytes in mammals.Organelle in cytoplasm were abundant, such as mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi complex, ribosome and so on. In addition, there were a large number of secretory granule in cytoplasm. These results indicate that the structure of pineal gland in Africanostrich chick is similar to those of goose and chicken, the function of pineal gland wasactive, which was relevant to the prosperity stage of growth and development.2 The distribution of MR in cerebellum and spleen in African ostrich chicksMel, secreted by pineal gland, is a neuroendocrine hormone, has multiplephysiological functions, produce a marked effect by specially binding with MR in variouskinds of tissues and organs. In order to study whether MR exists in cerebellum and spleenin ostrich chicks, 10 ninety days old African ostrich chicks were.obtained in the presentstudy, half of them were female, pieces of fresh cerebellum and spleen were removed tomake paraffin sections. The immunohistochemical method SABC Was used to examinethe distribution of MR in cerebellum and spleen. The results are as follows: MR positiveproducts were found in cerebellar cortex, not in the medulla of cerebellum. Satellite cellsin molecUlar layer and Purkinje cells in Purkinje cell layer were colored in whole cell, andgranular cells in granular layer only in nucleus. In spleen, the MR positive cells werecolored in membrane and cytoplasm, not in nucleus. Positive cells were round or oval,cell body was big. The number of positive cells is large, which mainly scatter in the redpulp, and also around ellipsoids. These results indicate that Mel produces a marked effectby specially binding with MR in cerebellum and spleen, and MR not only exists in cellmembrane, but also in nucleus, these results suggest that Mel is able to affect DNAtranscription and protein synthesis by acting on nucleus.
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