Fruit-Body Color Expression Of Light-Yellow Flammulina Velutipes

Fruit-body color of Flammulina velutipes could show wild yellows, light yellows, and pure whites. The research of XIE Baogui et al (2004) showed that fruit-body color of Flammulina velutipes is controlled by only one gene locus which is not linked with mating-type factor either A or B, and yellow color is dominance to white one. Cross yellow monokaryons with white monokaryons, the fruitbody color of hybrid will show light yellows. Meanwhile, light yellows are not homochromatism, but a serial of transitional ones. In part of edible fungi, two different nuclei in heterokaryon are generally consided to distribute evenly to all of colony through clamp connection, and the ratio of two nuclei should be 1:1. But other hypothesis was demurrable according aberrancy of nucleus ratio during monokaryotization of oidiospore and protoplast in F. velutipes. My experiment was constituted of two parts. One part was introduction research to figure out the basic hereditary expression of a serial of transitional color in light-yellow F.velutipes. The other aspect was research about the ratio of the copies of yellow monokaryons and white monokaryons in the light-yellow strains.Firstly, 16 different genotypes of yellow monokaryons and 10 white monokaryons were isolated from 18 test strains by the technology of protoplast monokaryotization. During the process of protoplast monokaryotization, 10 test strains were obtained two kinds of parental mating-type monokaryons, while 8 test strains were acquired only one kind of parental mating-type monokaryons.Secondly, chose 13 kinds of yellow monokaryons and 3 types of white monokaryons to the experiment of fruitbody formation. 5 yellow monokaryons and 2 white monokaryons were observed monokaryon fruitbody. Among them, the same parental mating-type monokaryons were not different in the power of fruitbody formation and the color of fruit body. Yellow monokaryon fruit bodies of different genotype showed diversity in color and color distribution, suggesting that yellow gene of Flammulina velutipes is being multiple allele. The hybrid experiments were done between white and yellow monokaryons. During the first cross, 4 different white monokaryotic strains were hybridized with 14 kinds of yellow monokaryotic ones to obtain light-yellow strains, which were then used to fruiting experiment. In the second cross, five kinds of yellow monokaryotic strains, which were observed monokaryotic fruit body, and 12 types of white monokaryotic ones were crossed to acquire hybrid strains, which were also to the experiment of fruit body formation. The results of two experiments of fruit body formation both showed that the multi-allele controlling yellow is one of the major factors of the transitional color of light yellows. Meanwhile, the heritance genes of white nuclei also play a role of it.In another way, the technology of FQ-PCR (real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR) was used to measure the ratio of white nucleus occupying the whole nucleus in 34 light-yellow strains. Among them, the ratio of yellow nucleus and white nucleus in 19 strains was access to 1:1, while the other strains showed that the copies of yellow nucleus exceeded white ones. The results were still needed to certify by using the technique of FQ-PCR to measure the ratio of yellow nucleus occupying the whole nucleus.