| The apple crack disease is an important factor that affected the red Fuji apple fruit surface quality,which influenced apple production and vendition seriously.In order to produce high quality red Fuji apple with good surface quality,10 year-old red Fuji apple (Changfu 2)trees by pot culture were used in this trial in order to study the relationship of microenvironment and the apple surface cataclasm by the methods of shading and spraying during the fruit growth period from 2006 to 2007 in the nursery of Green Graden Ltd.of Agriculture University of Hebei.The results were as follows.1.Microenvironment temperature-humidity was adjusted,fruit surface temperature was lowered and illumination was improved by spraying and shading on potted bagged red Fuji apple tree,and moreover reduceed fruit cracking.There existed very significant differences of the microenvironment temperature-humidity and fruit surface temperature in different period and different times,the air temperature,surface temperature of spraying and shading treatment were the lowest,that were 31.03℃and 30.75℃;Next were shading, that were 31.34℃and 31.28℃;The air temperature,surface temperature of spraying were 31.67℃and 31.77℃;The CK were 32.18℃and 32.43℃.The humidity of spraying and shading treatment was the highest in different treatments,which was 63.59%;the humidities of shading treatment and spraying treatment were 61.37%and 59.40%,the humidity of CK was the lowest,which was 55.98%.The illumination intensity of shading treatment(34923.89Lux)was a half of unshading treatments(63039.17Lux).2.The effects of microenvironment on the quality of potted red Fuji apple fruit in different treatments were as follows:In the aspect of fruit surface,the fruit cracking rate and cracking index of shading and spraying treatment were the lowest,which were 45%and 2.98mm/cm2 respectively;The fruit cracking rate and cracking index of CK(general management)were the highest, which were 88%,8.03mm/cm2 respectively.In the aspects of fruit weight and figure,the weight of shading and spraying treatment was the highest,which was 168.113g,the fruit vertical diameter of shading treatment was the longest,which was 5.968cm,the fruit horizontal diameter of shading and spraying treatment was the longest,which was 7.532cm.The fruit weight of CK was the lowest, which was 122.667g,the fruit horizontal and vertical diameters were the least,which were 5.024cm,6.448cm respectively.There existed very significant difference among fruit weight and shading and spraying,shading treatments and spraying,CK treatments,and there existed no significant difference of fruit horizontal and vertical diameter and the fruit figure index.In the aspect of fruit' internal quality,the contents of souble solids,total sugar, deoxidize sugar,fructose and sucrose of shading and spraying treatment were the lowest, which were 11.83%,9.760%,8.970%,6.787%,0.754%respectively;next were shading treatment,which ere 11.92%,10.890%,9.273%,7.297%,1.538%respectively;that of spraying treatment were 13.93%,13.333%,10.337%,8.150%,2.848%;and that of CK were 16.00%,14.563%,11.547%,8.840%,2.866%,which were the lowest.The content of titratable acid of shading and spraying treatment was the highest,which was 0.303%, next were the shading,spraying treatment and CK,which were 0.301%,0.288%,0.280%. There existed significant difference of titratable acid between shading and spraying treatment and other treatments,and there existed no significant difference of titratable acid among shading,spraying water and CK treatments.3.The highest contents of soluble pectin,protopectin and Ca of pericarp were the shading and spraying treatment,which were 5.420%,12.540%,3.569g/kg,shading treatment,spraying treatment were lower than that of shading and spraying treatment.The lowest contents of soluble pectin,protopectin and Ca of pericarp were the CK,which were 3.983%,8.950%,2.618g/kg.The lowest activities of PPO,PAL were shading and spraying treatment,which were 21.471U·g-1FW·min-1,2.740 U·g-1FW·30min,next were shading treatment and spraying treatment.The highest activities enzymes were CK,which were 31.831 U·g-1FW·min-1,3.187U·g-1FW·30min.4.There existed very significant positive correlations among the microenvironment air temperature,surface temperature and the fruit cracking rate,cracking index,PPO,PAL activities in different periods and times;.and there existed very significant negative correlation between the humidity and the fruit cracking rate,cracking index,PPO,PAL activities.There existed very significant negative correlations among the microenvironment air temperature,surface temperature and the content protopectin and Ca in different periods and times,and very significant positive correlations between the humidity and the content of protopectin and Ca.There existed very significant positive correlations among the fruit cracking rate, cracking index and the contents of souble solids,total sugar,deoxidize sugar,fructose and sucrose and the activities of PPO,PAL;and very significant negative correlation among the fruit cracking rate,cracking index and the contents of protopectin and Ca.5.The direct path coefficients of temperature in different treatments and periods and the fruit cracking rate,cracking index were positive,the largest were in 8/11-8/20,which were 3.807,2.808;The indirect path coefficients humidity different treatments and periods and the fruit cracking rate,cracking index were negative,the largest were in 8/11-8/20, which were -3.772,-2.802.The direct path coefficients of temperature in different treatments and times and the fruit cracking rate,cracking index were positive,the indirect path coefficients humidity in different treatments and times and the fruit cracking rate, cracking index were negative.The largest path coefficients of temperature and humidity in different treatments and times and fruit cracking rate were in 14:00,which were 1.351,-1.296;the largest path coefficients of temperature and humidity in different treatments and times and fruit cracking index were in 12:00,which were 1.551,-0.634.
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