| In this experiment, the materials were 'Red Fuji' apple trees on four dwarfing interstocks M.26, B.9, SH.5, and SH.38. The changes of some substances during fruit development and maturation of 'Red Fuji' apple, were studied, including soluble sugar, titratable acid, starch, vitamin C, pectic substances, soluble protein, amino acid, minerals, related enzymes and so on. The effect and inherent mechanism of dwarfing interstocks upon the fruit development and maturation of 'Red Fuji' apple were discussed. The results were as follows:1. The results showed that fruit growth curve of 'Red Fuji' apple on different interstock types basically accorded with the single S-growth curve. The fruit growth of 'Red Fuji' apple on interstocks M.26 and SH.38 had two distinct peaks on the 102 and 161 day after full bloom, respectively. That on SH.5 had one peak on the 102 day after full bloom, then the fruit growth slowly decreased. While that on interstock B.9 grew quickly on the 88 day and the fruit growth rate was significantly higher than that of others from the 117 to 161 day after full bloom, and increased continuously even till harvest.2. Different dwarfing interstocks markedly affected fruit apparent quality. The order of fruit size from the biggest to the smallest was for B.9, M.26, SH.38, SH.5, while the grade order of fruit color and peel smooth from the highest to the lowest was for SH.5, SH.38, M.26, B.9.3. Changes of total sugar, fructose, glucose, sucrose in fruit of'Red Fuji' apple on four interstock types had a similar trend. At harvest, but varied in amount, the total sugar content of 'Red Fuji' apple on interstocks SH.5, SH.38 was higher than that of M.26 and B.9.4. Change of fruit starch content of 'Red Fuji' apple on different interstock types showed a typical single peak curve. The starch contents of'Red Fuji' apples on interstocks M.26, SH.5 and SH.38 increased continuously to a peak on the 117 day after full bloom, while that on interstock B.9 got to its peak at the 57 day after full bloom. At harvest, the starch content were remained 0.09%, 0.39%, 0.17%, 0.10% by M.26, SH.5, SH.38 and B.9, respectively.5. The results of this research revealed that the SAI activity and amylase activity in fruit greatly affected sucrose and starch content, interstocks influenced SAI and amylase activity and the time of its pinnacle. There were little change in the a -amylase activity in fruit of 'Red Fuji' on interstocks B.9 and SH.38, while appeared two pinnacles on interstocks M.26 and SH.5 during fruit development of 'Red Fuji' apple.6. The change of the titratable acid content in fruit on different interstocks was similar. The titratable content in fruit of 'Red Fuji' on interstocks M.26 was the highest. The ratios of total sugar to titration acid in fruit of 'Red Fuji' apple on different interstock types were different, that on SH.5 was the highest (41.5), while that on M.26 was the lowest (29.6).7. The change of the pectic substances content and firmness in fruit on different interstocks were similar. At harvest, the pectic substances content were remained 0.679%, 0.638%, 0.635%, 0.610% and fruit firmness 9.18 Kg ?cm-2, 8.66 Kg?cm-2, 8.08 Kg?cm-2, 8.55 Kg?cm-2 by B.9, SH.5, M.26 and SH.38, respectively.8. The change of the vitamin C content, the soluble protein content and amino acid content in fruit on different interstocks were similar. At harvest, the vitamin C content in fruit of 'Red Fuji' apples was remained l.l0mg/l00g (M26), 1.28 mg/100g(B9), 1.56 mg/l00g (SH38), 1.66mg /l00g (SH5). The soluble protein content in fruit of 'Red Fuji' apples on different interstocks were distinctly different, of which the highest for SH.5, the lowest for M.26, and mid for SH.38 and B9, respectively. But the amino acid content in fruit of 'Red Fuji' apple on interstocks M.26, B.9 was higher than that of SH.5, SH.38.9. The change of the mineral element K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn in fruit on different interstocks were similar. At harvest, the content of calcium in fruit of 'R... |
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