Genetic Evaluation Of Germplasm Resources Of Toxicodendron Vernicifluum(Stokes) F.A. Barkley Using Plant Morphology, Plant Anatomy And AFLP

Toxicodendron vernicifluum(Stokes)F.A.Barkley is an important economic tree of Anacardiaceae,Its main product - Oriental Lacquer which has a reputable name of "King of Paint" - is a kind of excellently natural paint.Recently,important application of Laccase and Lacquer Polysaccharide in Oriental Lacquer was discovered.In long period of cultivation,many native varieties which have certain morphological characteristics and adapt to certain growing environment,had been formed.In the present work,we evaluate germplasm resources of T.vernicifluum of Shaanxi from morphometric characteristics,anatomical structure and DNA by morphological method,anatomical method and AFLP marker.The objectives were(1) to look for an alternative guide line that distinguish between cultivars and Damu of T. vernicifluum.(2)to characterize intraspecific genetic variation of T.vernicifluum.The main results acquired through these systematic studies as follows:1.In order to evaluate of 14 accessions of T.vernicifluum of Shaanxi from morphometric characteristics,their 26 morphometric characteristics of leaf and flower were analyzed by two different multivariate analyses.The first three principal components which contain 10 characteristics were screened.The first component (PC1),accounting for 30.383%of the total variances,is dominated by the length of the petal,the width of the petal,the length of silk,the diameter of silk,and the length of anther,the width-to-length ratio for the fifth leaflet.In the second component(PC2), leaf characteristics,includes the number of leaflet,the length of compound leaf,the length of common petiod,the length of petiolule the on fifth leaflet,and the length of petiole the topmost leaflet.Finally,the third principal component(PC3)is dominated by upper angle of the fifth leaflet,and upper angle of the topmost leaflet.The result of multivariate analyses base on the first three principal components have been recorded in three-dimensional chart.14 accessions T.vernicifluum were defined two groups in that chart.The first group was composed of Qieketou,Jinzhouhuang,Huoyanzi, Dahongpao,Huangronggaobachi,Hongpigaobachi,Jinzhouhong,Baipigaobachi and Damu accessions Shiquan,Nanzheng and Baoji,and the second group - the Damu accessions Foping and Hancheng.Damu accession Longxian can be considered as rather singular.On the plane defined by the first two principal components,the result is similar to the three-dimensional grouping.The result of the dendrogram obtained after Cluster Analysis(CA)of 26 morphometric characteristics is similar to the three-dimensional and the two-dimensional grouping.2.An acceptable solution for principal component analysis was reached when two dimensions of the model were found to be significant.The two-dimensional grouping obtained after projection of 12 anatomical characteristics of the 14 accessions onto the first two principal components defined two groups.The first component(PC1)is dominated by diameter of laticiferous canal of leaf and the number of laticiferous canal of bark in unit area.The second component(PC2) includes diameter of laticiferous canal of bark,the number of trichome of leaf in unit area,the number of stomata of leaf in unit area.The dendrogram obtained after CA defined two groups of accessions.These groups were consistent with the groups defined in the Principal Component Analysis(PCA)analysis.3.14 accseeions of T.vernicifluum of Shaanxi were studied by AFLP marker, and 8 primer pairs were screened.A total of 7,038 fragments and 5,246 polymorphic fragments were generated with eight primer combinations.The number of scorable fragments amplified by each AFLP primer pair varied from 593 to 1,118 with an average of 879.75 across all 14 accessions.The polymorphic ratio for each primer pair varied from 58.90%- 96.18%with an average of 73.32%.Any of the primer combinations uniquely identified all of the accessions.14 accessions of T. vernicifluum were grouped by cluster analysis as shown in the dendrogram based on UPGMA.The dendrogram had a matrix correlation r=0.725 which is interpreted as a good fit.14 accessions fell into two main clusters at variety level.The result showed that morphological method,anatomical method and AFLP marker were very effective methodology to characterize accessions of T.vernicifluum. The results suggest that in T.vernicifluum,the characteristics screened by PCA are useful indicators for identificating accessions of T.vernicifluum,and AFLP markers are also a useful tool for identificating them.