| The experiment was carried out on a farm in Diaoyu Town, Xinghua County, Lixiahe district of Jiangsu province during the year 2006 - 2007. The soil was sandy clay and the fertility was medium ,the former crop was wheat. 4 types (middle-maturity medium Japonica, late-maturity medium Japonica, early-maturity late Japonica, middle-maturity late Japonica)of 17 Japonica rice varieties were taken as material, which were applied representatively in Jiangsu .the yield, source-sink characteristics, dry matter production, nitrogen absorption and use and main traits of the quality of the 4 different types of varieties were studied. Main results were showed as follows:1.Different types of Japonica varieties had the significant difference in yield. The early-maturity late Japonica got the highest yield. The order of the yield from high to low was early-maturity late Japonica(715.7kg/667m2)>middle-maturity late Japonica(707.1 kg/667m2)>late-maturity medium Japonica(684.6/667m2)>middle-maturity medium Japonica(650.kg/667m2)。Longer the growth period of the varieties ,the effective ear dropt, spikes per panicle increased,total glumes flowers volume increased, while there was no significant changes on the grain-filling rate and the 1000-grain weight. Total glumes flowers had a significant positive correlation with the yield ;while the grain-filling rate and the 1000-grain weight had no significant relationship with the yield. In the two factors of the formation of the total glumes flowers,spikelets per panicle had the significant positive correlation with the total glumes flowers, while the effective panicles had no remarkable relationship. so,the well structure of the panicle and its spikelets formation ,expanded sink capacity,and the normal grain-filling rate and the 1000-grain weight is the key and the way gaining the high and super high yield.2. All types of Japonica varieties got the enough seedlings when they reached the SN-n.stage,the maximum of the tillers and stems were about 1.3 times the effective panicles. The long growth-period type varieties has lower the maximum of the tillers and stems, higher the rate of effective ear, middle-maturity medium Japonica has 77.1% rate of effective ear, while the late-maturity medium Japonica80.1%, early-maturity late Japonica81.4%, middle-maturity late Japonica82.1%.3.With the prolonging of the growing period, the maximum LAI enlarging. early-maturity late Japonica and middle-maturity late Japonica had the maximum LAI reaches 7.5-8.0,3.0-3.5 at maturity. The high-effective leaf area rate and the effective leaf area rate reduces along with the prolonging of the growing period, the middle-maturity medium Japonica's high-effective leaf area rate and the effective leaf area rate was 95%and78%,middle-maturity late Japonica's high-effective leaf area rate and the effective leaf area rate was 88%and70%。The glumes flower/leaf (cm2) increases along with the prolonging of the growing period of the different type variety,the middle-maturity medium Japonica's0.54,late-maturity medium Japonica's0.63, early-maturity late Japonica's0.63, middle-maturity late Japonica's0.69。while the solid grain /leaf(cm2) and the grain weight (mg)/t leaf (cm2) rises first then falls while the prolonging of the growing period,middle-maturity medium Japonica was 0.49, 13.18 respectively, late-maturity medium Japonica was 0.53, 13.58, early-maturity late Japonica was 0.54, 14.12 respectively, middle-maturity was 0.52, 13.30 respectively.4. The net accumulation of dry matter of the earring period, the maturity, the jointing - earring period and the earring– maturity increased along with the prolonging of the growing period, that was middle-maturity late Japonica> early-maturity late Japonica>late-maturity medium Japonica>middle-maturity medium Japonica; the dry matter accumulation of the period before the jointing, the jointing - earring, the earring-maturity of all the Japonica rice varieties took about 20%, 40% and 39% of the total dry matter accumulation of maturity. The HI of all the Japonica rice varieties reduces along with the prolonging of the growing period,, the middle-maturity medium Japonica was 0.52 equally, the late-maturity medium Japonica was 0.51, the early-maturity late Japonica was 0.50 equally and the middle-maturity late Japonica was 0.46 equally.5. The rate of nitrogen content of the jointing stage showed the trend middle-maturity late Japonica>early-maturity late Japonica>late-maturity medium Japonica>middle-maturity medium Japonica, the trends was opposite when in the earring period and the maturity. The absorption of nitrogen in the jointing stage, the earring period and the maturity as well as the accumulation of nitrogen during the period the jointing to the earring period, the earring to the maturity increased along with the prolonging of the growing period. middle-maturity late Japonica〈early-maturity late Japonica〈late-maturity medium Japonica〈middle-maturity medium Japonica. The total absorption of the nitrogen ,the apparent N recovery efficiency and N utilization ratio increased along with the prolonging of the growing period. The trends showed middle-maturity late Japonica>early-maturity late Japonica>late-maturity medium Japonica>middle-maturity medium Japonica.6. The brown rice rate, the milled rice rate, the head milled rice rate, chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree increased along with the prolonging of the growing period, while the chalkiness area on the contrary., the difference was also remarkable; The protein content remarkable or extremely obviously reduced, the amylase content showed early-maturity late Japonica>middle-maturity late Japonica>late-maturity medium Japonica>middle-maturity medium Japonica. the gel consistency showed middle-maturity medium Japonica>late-maturity medium Japonica>early-maturity late Japonica>middle-maturity late Japonica. peak viscosity, hot viscosity and final viscosity increased firstly and then decreased,the difference was significant, while the breakdown had no significant difference. The setback of all the varieties was all negative. The trends showed middle-maturity late Japonica>late-maturity medium Japonica>early-maturity late Japonica>middle-maturity medium Japonica, while the pasting temperature increased significantly.
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