Studies On The Anther Culture In Vitro Of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.)

The Eggplant belongs to a subspecies of the cultivated Eggplant of Solanaceae.It can be seen enerywhere in the world.It is cultivated widely in our country and the production is first in the world.Anther culture technique applied to plant genetic and breeding widely,because researches can attain valuable double haploid for breeding by the technique with shorter time and higher efficiency.On the other hand,the embryoid and regeneration plantlet by anther culture are used to the construction of genetic map,gene direction,trans-gene breeding,chromosome engineering,and so on.Anthers From ten genotypes of Eggplant were cultured in vitro in this the paper.The effects of genotype and types of medium and the development stage of microspore on callus formation and differentiation in anther culture werea analyzed.Factors that influence anther induction,such as Pretreatment,the hormone concentration,active carbon concentration and sucrose concentration during the culture process,were investigated using four genotypes of E3,E9,E2 and E8.Ploidy level of the regenerated Plants were determined by counting the number chromosome in root ceel.The results are as follows:1.The size of eggplant bud and anther or color of anther could be used as simple but reliable index for judgment of the development stage of microspores.When flower bud is 0.35～0.65cm and light green or yellow green,microspore is in Mid-or-late uninucleate stage.It is beneficial for inducing embryoids.2.GenotyPe was the most important factor affecting anther culture.In tested genotypes,only 2 of 10 ones induced embryoids.Under the same culture conditions,different genotyPe had different ability for callus and embryoid formation.E3 ranked in the first Place for embryoid formation,with induction rate being 18%;E9 ranked second,with induction rate being 12%.3.Phytohormone played an important role in eggplant anther culture.The medium added with MS+2,4-D1mg/L+KT1mg/L was more suitable for callus and embryoid formation.4.High temperature was unfavorable for embryoid formation.Pretreatment of 5～6℃for 2d was considered helpful for embryoid and callus formation,but too long or too short Pretreatment was unfavorable for embryoid formation.. 5.When active carbon was added to medium,the anther browning rate was decreased,but embryoid induction rate was not improved.The medium with 3%sucrose gave the highest embryoid induction rate and decrease callus induction rate.The browning rate of anthers increased as increase sucrose.6.The regenerated plantlets from anther culture were easy to grow roots.The rate of inducing roots was 100%in the medium inducing roots which was 1/2MS medium supplemented with IAA0.2mg/L,0.7%Agar and 3%Sucrose.7.The Chromosome multiple of root tip of aftergrowth was identified.The results showed that the Percentage of haploids,diploids,aneuploids were 2:5:1 by callus formation; haPloids diPloids were 3:1 by embryoid formation.Embryoid formation is beneficial contrast to callus formation.