Interspecific Hybridization Of Solanum Melongena Genotypes With Wild Relatives And Its Hybrid F₁ Anther Culture

Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.),belonging to Solanaceae,is an important warm season vegetable crop and widely cultivated in China.Eggplant has a good health effect with rich dietary fiber,protein,micronutrients and antioxidant plant nutrients,attracted by domestic and foreign consumers.Wild eggplant resources have high resistance to pests and diseases.The resistance gene from wild varieties into cultivated eggplant is an important goal of eggplant breeding.Therefore,in this paper,interspecific hybridization between eggplant and wild varieties was studied,understanding the cross compatibility of eggplant with its wild relatives,using morphology and SSR molecular markers to obtain the true hybrid.The hybrids were cultured in vitro in order to change the fertility of hybrids and improve the resistance and quality of hybrids and to lay the foundation for the establishment of eggplant DH lines.1.In the present study,interspecific hybridization was carried out involving six cultivated genotypes of eggplant and four wild Solanum species.The cultivated genotypes were used as female parents and wild species as pollen parents.The crossability relationship of S.melongena genoptypes with the wild species was determined by occurrence of fruit set(%),number of seeds per fruit and germination(%)of F1 seed.The mean fruit set and seeds per fruit was maximum for Z4×S.spirale by 73%and 149.The mean value of highest germination(%)of F1 seed was observed for Z2×S.aethiopicum(97.41%).In addition,the hybridization with Z4 and S.spirale was easy to succeed.So,Z4 and S.spirale were easier successful parent material.2.Using morphology and SSR molecular markers identified the interspecific hybrids.In 16 hybrids,13 true hybrids were successfully identified(eH2?eH3?eH4?eH5?eH6?eH7?eH8?eH9?eH10?eH13?eH14?eH15?eH16)and 3 fake hybrids(eH1?eH11?eH12).The results of morphological identification and SSR molecular marker identification were consistent.3.Reference to the situation of anther culture of commodity eggplant with hormone concentration ratio,gradually constructed the anther culture system of F1 hybrids.In the present study,only four of the 11 commodity eggplant(C2?C5?C7?C9)induced callus successfully;Six out of 10 hybrids(H1?H2?H3?H4?H6?H10)induced callus successfully.The pollen viability of 11 commdity eggplant was significantly higher than hybrids.The multiplication effect of hybrids was higher than 11 commodity eggplant.But both of them did not differentiate from adventitious buds.