| The corms of two cultivar of gladiolus,"Rose Supreme"and"Beauty Queen", were irradiated by electron beam with seven kinds of dosage. The main results showed that electron beam irradiation inhibit growth and development of M1 generation plants. It is revealed that LD50 of the corm of different gladiolus cultivars radiation by electron beam is different,"Rose Supreme"was forecasted approximately around 240Gy, and"Beauty Queen"was more than 240Gy."Beauty Queen"possessed higher resistance to radiation than"Rose Supreme"; The bands of isozymes and SDS-PAGE of M1 generation plants were obviously changed by electron beam irradiation and its genetic differentiation was in accord with variations of morphology. Comparing photograph of the leaf epidermis of M1 generation plant under scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the control, it showed that the structure of both trichome and stomata were changed and the surface organize characteristic of leaf was obviously disorderly arranged. The sterile pollen rate of M1 generation is higher than the control, mutagenic effects of electron beam radiation on pollen increased with the dose increasing. Genetic damage at meiosis of gladiolus was observed, and the statistic of aberrance types and frequencies in PMCs showed that aberrance types were mostly chromosome outside nucleus and micronuclei. Flower-color and inflorescence mutants have been obtained respectively and from the two mutants, three different protein subunit types were separately found."Rose Supreme"corms were irradiated by fast neutrons in the CFBR-II pulsed reactor, significant radiation damages to its corms was revealed with the scanning electron microscope observation, and the mutagenic effects were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Within the dosage range, radiation damage to the corm increased with the dose. When the corm epidermises of the samples were irradiated in vertical incidence, it revealed more serious radiation damage than that irradiation in side-incidence in the same dosage. Biological characters were investigated via field experiments, and the bands of protein subunit were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the fast neutron irradiation inhibited growth of M1 generation seedling significantly and protein expression.We also obtained feasible medium for callus induction of gladiolus and the most suitable medium for callus growth. The effects of electron beam and fast neutrons on the callus induction of corm of gladiolus"Rose Supreme"were investigated by using the orthogonal experiment design. The result showed that the best medium during the induction of callus, which means survival rate was high and aberrance frequency was low, were MS+2mg/L 2,4-D+ electron beam of 240Gy and MS+2mg/L 2,4-D+ fast neutrons of 400Gy+0.5g/L active carbon.
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