Analysis Of Genetic Diversities In Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) Geromplasm Resourse With RAPD And SSR

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) originated in Indian sub-continent and Asian tropics; it was domesticated in the region of Indian in earlier of age. It had a long cultivate history and very rich in germplasm resource in China, where it was recognized as secondary center of eggplant origin. The study on the genetic diversity of eggplant germplasm resources can benefit the conservation, classification, identification, genetic enhancement and effective utilization of eggplant germplasm resources. Currently, with the development of molecular marker, it was widely used in taxonomy of plant. RAPD (random-amplified polymorphic DNA) and SSR(simply sequence repeat ) as highly polymorphic and economic marker were used to test the genetic diversity evaluation among 88 eggplant germplasms in this paper experiment, the main results are as follows:1. 18 effective primers were screened from 120 RAPD arbitrary primers, and a total of 187 fragments were amplified, 157 of which were polymorphic (83.95% polymorphim), the average number of fragment amplified by each primer was 10.5. The result of POPGENE analysis indicated that the average of Shannon's Information index was 0.4522, Nei's Gene diversity H was 0.3029, and effective number of alleles per loci was 1.5269 on an average.2. Based on the amount of fragment amplified by RAPD, genetic similarities, among the 88 eggplant germplasms, were calculated by NTSYS, which ranged from 0.02 to 0.95, there were minimum similarity 0.02(between Huqie5Hao and Heiyuanshuai)and maximum similarity 0.95(between LvguanqieF1 and JiNanchangqie 7Hao). According to the data, a dendrogram of genetic relationship constructed by using UPGMA method showed that all the tested eggplant germplasms were classified as five groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.58. Among of the five groups, the fourth group, which includes only one germplasm, that is S. torvum, a wild relative of eggplant, was the smallest group, and the fifth group, which includes 71 germplasms, was the largest group, the rest germplasms were cluster into other groups. Furthermore, the fifth group was divided into three sub-groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.70. The first sub-group consisted of one related wild germplasm known as S. melongena; the second sub-group consisted of 42 germplasms, which cataloged as cultivar, and majority of them had a longer fruit shape; the third sub-group consisted of 32 germplasms, cataloged as cultivar, and numbers of them had a round fruit shape. The taxonomy of eggplant with RAPD indicated that:(1) With the similarity coefficient of 0.58, S. torvum was clustered into a group solely, while S. integrifolium and S. melongena were clustered in the same group. But, with the similarity coefficient of 0.70, S. integrifolium and S. melongena were classified as different sub-group. (2) RAPD marker was corresponded with traditional classification on fruit shape on the sub-group grade.3. 23 SSR primers were carried out on 88 eggplant germplsms, 19 primers showed polymorphism among of them, and a total of 75 alleles were detected by 19 primers. The number of alleles per primer varied from 2~6, with a mean of 3.4, maximum alleles were 6 detected from EM128 and EM155. The result of POPGENE analysis indicated that, polymorphism information content (PIC) per loci ranged from 0.12~0.80, and with an average of 0.41, Shannon's Information index per loci was 0.7443 on an average and ranged from 0.2617~1.6958. Nei's Gene diversity H per loci was 0.4049 on an average and ranged from 0.1156~0.8005, and effective number of alleles per loci was 2.0151 on an average and ranged from 1.1307~5.3101.4. According to the data got from SSR, the calculated similarity coefficient among 88 eggplant germplasms ranged from 0.09 to 0.96. there were minimum similarity 0.09(between JingPinkuaiyuan and S. torvum)and maximum similarity 0.95(between ETC3-02 and) ETC3-01). A dendrogram of genetic relationship generated by using UPGMA method showed that all the tested eggplants were classified into four groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.60. The first, second, third and fourth group with the numbers of germplasms was 1, 2, 3, and 82, respectively. Of the four groups, only the first group consisted of related wild germplasm known as S. torvum. Furthermore, the fourth group was divided into fourth sub-groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.65: one germplasm, namely S. integrifolium, was classified into the first sub-group; the second sub-group had two germplasms, that were LongXinglvqiao and Heiyuanshuai, diversified greatly on shape and color trait; the third sub-group eight include germplasms; and the fourth sub-group had complicated components, including 71 various germplasms. And the results showed that, by using SSR and RAPD methods, consistency occurred in the classification of S. melongena and S. torvum while missed in the classification of cultivar and traditional fruit shape. Also there was no pertinence with germplasm resources.5. A higher polymorphism was acquired by tests to genomes of 88 germplasms made by both SSR and RAPD method, which showed rich genetic diversities among germplasms tested. The results of classification of 88 germplasms made by these two methods indicated that status was consistent between S. melongena and S. torvum and part of other germplasms, which in turn showed that the two methods both were suitable to the analysis of relationship of germplasms.